3 o TREES AS GOOD CITIZENS 



older ones sepia-brown or grey. Its buds are pointed and 

 practically free from hairs; the leaves are not as deeply 

 lobed as the Black and Scarlet Oak and are of a dull, dark 

 green or yellowish green on the upper side, somewhat paler 

 underneath and with lighter veins. In the autumn the 

 leaves turn a deep maroon red. It has a large acorn set 

 in a broad shallow cup. The Scarlet Oak has thick dark 

 brown bark, with irregular, shallow furrows. Its leaves 

 are thin, a shiny olive green above, somewhat paler 

 beneath. The autumn coloring of the leaves is deep, car- 

 dinal red. The buds are blunt and smooth with a slight 

 hairy covering at the base. The oaks of the Black Oak group 

 require two years to mature their acorns, and for this reason 

 the same tree will, at the same time, show young acorns of 

 the new crop and fully grown acorns of the previous year. 

 The kernel of the acorn in the White Oak group is mostly 

 lacking in the bitter principle, some of them being quite 

 edible, while those of the Black Oak group are bitter. 



Ash leaves are composed of several leaflets along a 

 single leaf stalk. These leaflets are in pairs, opposite to 

 each other on the stem, together with a terminal leaflet. 

 The number of leaflets on each ranges from five to nine, 

 most frequently seven. The leaves are also arranged 

 opposite one another on the twigs and branches. There 

 is a wide difference between the characteristics of the 

 Green Ash and those of the White Ash. The leaves of 

 the White Ash are whitish beneath and smooth, often 

 with a few suggestions of coarse teeth; those of the Green 

 Ash are green on both surfaces and have teeth like saws. 



While the Horse Chestnut belongs to the same genus as 

 the Buckeye, the two are quite different. The leaves of 

 the Horse Chestnut are seven-fingered, while those of the 

 Ohio, Sweet and Red Buckeyes are usually five-fingered; 

 the flowers of the former are five-petaled, of the Buckeyes 



