REPAIR OF SHADE TREES 159 



For applying the bolt, bore a hole through the center 

 of the trunk, using a bit a half inch or larger in size. The 

 larger the tree the larger the bolt required. At each end 

 of the hole affix an iron washer about three times the diam- 

 eter of the hole. These washers are affixed by cutting 

 away some of the outer bark and wood and sinking them 

 into the depres- 

 sions thus made 

 at right angles 

 to the bolt. 

 Into the hole 



. . Method of attaching eyebolt and stranded wire. 



insert a bolt 



which fits snugly, and of a length which will cause it to 

 project from a quarter to half an inch at each side. When 

 the bolt is in place, a nut should be placed on each end 

 and these should be screwed up until they are tightly 

 against the washers. Before the bolt is inserted, tar or 

 creosote, preceded by shellac on cambium layer, should 

 be applied to all exposed places, including those cut for 

 the accommodation of the washers. The hole itself should 

 also be tarred or creosoted. To complete the work, the 

 exposed parts of the bolt and nuts should be water-proofed. 



Two limbs sometimes split apart where they divide, as 

 a result of the force of wind-pressure. To check a split of 

 this nature as soon as possible is important. The process 

 is called guying. In this work the split is bolted in a man- 

 ner similar to that used for bracing split trunks. 



For guying close to a crotch within 18 to 24 inches 

 a single bolt extending through both limbs may be used. 

 In applying a brace further from a crotch, flexibility for 

 the swaying of the limbs in the wind may be obtained by 

 using a chain or cable attached to bolts instead of a single 

 bolt. In this method a bolt is put through each limb 

 with a ring or hook on its inner end, and to these there 



