i6o 



TREES AS GOOD CITIZENS 



is attached a wire chain or cable of proper length to 

 connect the two bolts firmly and to hold the limbs tightly 

 in their relation to each other. By screwing up the nuts 

 the connection may be tightened slightly, either at the 

 time of insertion or in case of future need. Instead of 

 the wire chain or cable connection, a turnbuckle center 



may be used, as giving more 

 freedom in tightening or 

 loosening the strain on the 

 bolts, but this is practicable 

 only when the limbs are 

 quite close together. 



In guying limbs, as in 

 bracing trunks, it must be 

 remembered that a coating 

 of tar or creosote should be 

 given the hole and edges of 

 the bark where cut. 



If more than two limbs 

 are involved in a split, they 

 may be guyed in combina- 

 tion. 



It is of the utmost impor- 

 tance that guying should 

 never be done by means of an encircling wire or other 

 girdle about tree or limbs. With growth of the tree the 

 girdle will cut into the bark, interfere with the proper flow 

 of sap and in time shut it off entirely and thus cause the 

 death of the part above the girdle. To wrap a wire around 

 a tree for any purpose is almost certain to cause death. 



When the loss of bark almost or entirely encircles a 

 tree, a process known as bridge grafting may reunite the 

 upper and lower edges of the remaining bark, and thus 

 sometimes reestablish the flow of sap. The grafting is 



Improper method of chaining a tree. Dot- 

 ted line shows more effective method, b. bolt 

 c. chain. 



