TREE INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL 197 



ALL SHADE TREES 



BORING INSECTS 

 Parandra Borer 



Habits This borer probably destroys 



and the bases of more shade trees 



Damage, than any other insect enemy. 

 It is especially prevalent in the 

 eastern part of the United States. The 

 adult is a large brown beetle, which lays 

 its eggs in the heartwood near the ground 

 wherever a wound affords an opening. 

 Egg-laying takes place shortly after Chest- 

 nut trees blossom. Upon hatching, the 

 grubs feed on the wood and completely 

 honeycomb the base of the tree. Their 

 work continues for 3 or 4 years and 

 frequently their presence is not known for 

 the reason that the wound through which 

 entrance was gained heals over. Besides 

 their attacks at the base, the grubs also 

 enter wounds in the larger limbs. Trees 

 severely attacked have nothing but an 

 outer shell and trunks and limbs are easily 

 broken by the wind. 



Remedies. Because of the difficulty of 

 detecting the presence and 

 ravages of this borer, it is important to 

 take steps to prevent a tree from becom- 

 ing infested. The most direct measure is 

 to promptly treat all wounds and cavities. 

 New injuries, scars and other wounds 

 exposing the wood should be painted or so 

 treated that they will quickly heal and no 

 decay be started. Cavities should be 

 thoroughly cleaned and filled, with every 

 care taken to see that all infested parts of 

 the wood are dug out. 



ASH 



Ash-bud Gall-mite 



Remedy. 



Habits This mite attacks flower 



and buds and causes them to devel- 



Damage. op into abnormal, berry-like 

 form, resembling the galls to be 

 found on Oaks. Clusters of the galls are 

 to be found hanging from the ends of 

 branches. In their later stages of develop- 

 ment the galls turn red, changing to 

 brown. The abnormal growth comes, 

 presumably, from injuries caused by the 

 mites in feeding. No particular damage 

 to the tree results. 



SAP SUCKING INSECTS 



Thorough spraying is usually 

 successful in the elimination of 

 the mites. The spraying should be done 

 during the winter with some form of con- 

 tact poison, such as kerosene emulsion or 

 a miscible oil solution. 



Habits 



and 



Damage 



San Jose Scale 

 This sap-sucking scale de- Remedies. This scale may be kept 



votes its attacks largely to 



fruit trees, but sometimes 



damages the Elm and other 



shade trees as well. Of the Elms the Eu- 



in check by thorough spray- 

 ing with lime sulphur, miscible oils, fish- 

 oil solution or kerosene emulsion. The 

 spraying should be done during the dor- 



