TREE INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL 199 



It is a recently introduced insect so far 

 confined to a limited range. In that area 

 it is serious. 



Its seriousness is probably part due 

 to its being in surroundings where its nat- 

 ural insect and disease enemies have not 

 been introduced. 



The seriousness of the attacks of this 

 activity in suppression. 



sticky material applied with a paddle, 

 evenly, in a thin layer. 



When young caterpillars are found on 

 the leaves in spring the foliage should be 

 thoroughly and evenly sprayed with 

 arsenate of lead paste, in proportion of 

 one pound to ten gallons of water. 



insect class it as one that requires State 



SAP-SUCKING INSECTS 



Aphids 



Habits Beech trees are subject to 



and attack from the Beech-tree 



Damage, blight aphis and the woolly 

 Beech aphis. Both are bluish- 

 white and woolly. The first named 

 attacks the underside of the branches and 

 the second the underside of the leaves. 

 They are sap-suckers, and they mar a 

 tree's appearance by causing loss of 

 leaves. They sometimes kill twigs and 

 even young trees. 



Remedy. These insects may be de- 

 stroyed by spraying in spring 

 with kerosene emulsion or 40 per cent, 

 nicotine sulphate, applied when the 

 invasion is first noted. 



BIRCH 



LEAF CHEWING INSECTS 

 Gipsy Moth 



(See description and remedies under Beech) 



BORING INSECTS 

 Bronze Birch Borer 



Habits This borer's attacks are often 



and fatal. The borer is a slender, 



Damage, flat, footless grub, creamy 

 white in color, attaining a 

 length of about Y\ inch, developing into 

 a winged beetle which is small and slender 

 and olive-bronze in coloring. Egg-laying 

 takes place in May or early June, in cre- 

 vises on rough surfaces of the bark. 

 When hatched, the grubs bore through 

 the bark and make zigzag tunnels in bark 

 and sapwood, spending the winter in 

 chambers in the wood and emerging in 

 April or May as adult beetles, leaving oval 

 holes in the bark. Severe attack causes 

 the top branches to die and the vitality of 

 the tree to deteriorate until, at the end 

 of a year or two, the tree dies. The pres- 

 ence and work of the borer is shown by 



Prevention There is no remedy for the 

 and attack of this borer. Prob- 



Control. ing, which is effectual 

 against other borers, does 

 no good because of the winding character 

 of the channels; nor is it possible to 

 remove the borer by cutting, because of 

 the winding course of the channels and 

 the large number of the grubs. Pruning 

 of infested branches may prolong the life 

 of a tree, but the only safe way is to cut 

 and burn the tree as soon as dead or dying 

 tops or other signs of infestation are 

 manifest. 



