2l6 



TREES AS GOOD CITIZENS 



OAK 



LEAF-CHEWING INSECTS 

 Gipsy Moth 



(See description and remedies under Beech) 

 Brown-Tail Moth Oaks are very susceptible (See under Elm). 



Bagworm White-marked Tussock Moth 



Forest Tent Caterpillar 



(See descriptions and remedies under Elm) 



Fall Cankerworm 



Remedies. The treatment for this 

 worm is the same as that 

 given for the cankerworm under Elm. 



Habits This leaf-chewer develops 



and from the spring cankerworm, 



Damage, the moth usually emerging 

 from the chrysalis stage late 

 in the fall. The parent moth is wingless, 

 and crawls up nearby trees or bushes to 

 lay eggs for the spring hatching. The 

 characteristics of the worm and the dam- 

 age it causes are the same as those given 

 for the spring cankerworm. (See Elm). 



BORING INSECTS 

 Carpenter Worm Maple and Oak Twig Pruner 



(See descriptions and remedies under Maple) 



Leopard Moth 



(See description and remedies under Elm) 



Two-lined Oak and Chestnut Borer 



Habits This borer is the most seri- 



and ous insect enemy of the Oak. 



Damage. It prefers trees weakened by 

 disease or by attacks from 

 other insects, but may attack perfectly 

 healthy trees. An attack by this insect is 

 very apt to prove fatal. Laid in the early 

 summer, in deep cracks in the bark, the 

 eggs hatch into flat milky or yellowish 

 white grubs with large heads. These 

 grubs burrow through the bark and by 

 fall each of them bores a tunnel which 

 may be three feet in length diagonally 

 and across the grain, in the inner bark and 

 outer wood. During the winter the grubs 

 remain in the outer bark, emerging late 

 in the following spring as brownish or 

 black beetles, % to % inches long, with 

 two yellow lines along the back. The 

 tunnels made by the borer are apt to 

 girdle the tree and prevent the flow of sap, 

 causing death. 



Treatment. When a tree is badly 

 infested there is no remedy. 

 When a tree is but slightly affected, spray- 

 ing of the trunk during the fall with poi- 

 soned kerosene emulsion will establish 

 control. 



