CHAPTER VI. 



ANALYSIS OF BUDS. 



Three principal methods Dissection of bud Examination of open- 

 ing buds and ends of growing shoots Transverse sections 

 Plan-diagrams Method of preparing sections Theoretical 

 diagrams. 



There are three principal methods of determining the 

 structures shown in the interior of the bud. One of these 

 is the direct dissection of the bud under the simple micro- 

 scope, each scale and leaf in turn being removed b}^ means 

 of needles or by a delicate dissecting knife, as shown in 

 Fiof. 22, where the outer scales and leaves have been cut 

 away, and the first of the complete foliage leaves exposed. 

 In this way the transitions of scales to leaves, to stipules 

 and so forth, can often be made out very clearly, and 

 numerous details of texture, folding, &c. discovered. 

 Carried to its limits this mode of dissection from the 

 outside may bring to us a clear view of the arrangement 

 of the leaves on the axis, as shown in Figs. 23 and 24, 

 where the cut leaf-bases and vascular bundles are seen, 

 plainly decussate in the Lilac, and, with equal distinct- 

 ness, distichous in the Lime. 



A second method is to study the opening buds, or to 

 dissect the end of the growing shoot, and make out the 



