VIl] 



DISTICHOUS AND SPIRAL BUD-SCALES 



55 



necessarily arranged in precisely the same way. The bud- 

 scales are more or less obviously distichous or doubly 

 distichous in 



Lime 



Celtis 



Chestnut 



Hazel 



Ampelopsis 



In the following the outer bud-scales or leaves are 

 distichous, but they often pass inwards to some form of 

 spiral arrangement : 



Ivy Bilberry Birch 



Chestnut Hazel Lime 



Beech Hornbeam, 



They are spirally imbricate in 



The functions of the bud-scales have been investigated 

 by Griiss, whose results may be thus summarized. 



In Cornus sanguinea, the Vine and some others, starch, 

 and in Lonicera, the Willows, &c., oil is stored as reserve 

 food-materials in the scales. 



