110 RED AND BROWN TWIGS [CH. 



Reds are rare, except as tinging other colours, but the 

 twigs of Cornus sanguinea are often brilliant blood-red as 

 the Avinter advances, and those of the Lime, though 

 usually inclined to brown-red, may also be bright. 



Reddish hues also often prevail in Tamarisk, Salix 

 purpurea and S.fragihs, the Pear, Almond, Dogwood, Lime 

 and Larch, the latter being occasionally quite pale red or 

 pink ; and the twigs of Clematis frequently turn violet- 

 red. Red tints are frequent on the sides of otherwise 

 green or olive shoots where exposed to the sun e.g. 

 Salix triandra, Roses, Blackberry, &c. ; and brown-reds, 

 leading to the warm red-browns to be considered below, 

 are exemplified by the Juniper, Salix i^epens, &c. 



Brown is one of the commonest colours of twisfs and 

 branches, but there is a wide range of shades : perhaps 

 these fall most naturally under the heads of the duller, or 

 grey-browns, the warmer red-browns, the yellow-browns, 

 and olive-browns, but they pass gradually one into the 

 other. 



Browns are met with in Robinia, Birch, Pear, Apple, 

 Plum, Cherry, Pi^unus Avium, Rowan, and Betula nana ; 

 paler brownish hues in Fig, Walnut, Black Mulberry, 

 Guelder Rose, Wayfaring Tree, Azalea, Honeysuckle, 

 Quercus Gerris and Q. coccinea ; dark browns in the 

 Dwarf Birch, Elms, Cherry, Primus Avium, &c. Brown- 

 ish hues also occur in Spindle Tree, Symp)horicarpos, 

 Lilac and Privet. 



Yellow-browns are found in Wayfaring Tree, Black 

 and Canadian Poplars, Ailanthus, Sweet Gale, DapJine 

 Mezereon, Acer campestre, Aspen, and Honeysuckles ; and 

 yellowish browns in Horse-chestnut, Laburnum, and Way- 

 faring Tree, and with reddish shades in Acer platanoides 

 and Pear. Morus nigra is often yellowish grey-brown. 



Red-browns often prevail in Chestnut, Robinia, Elms, 



