132 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [P. D. 4. 



queen, using stock which does not show disease. This seems 

 to be the safest insurance a beekeeper can take out on his 

 stock. The time will surely come, if this method is followed, 

 when many beekeepers will not be able to show the inspector 

 a single case of European foul brood. This result has been 

 brought about both here and in other States. But the speed 

 with which the conditions will prevail over the State rests in 

 a measure with the beekeepers, — their keenness in selecting 

 their queens and their readiness' to secure superior stock. 



It is an unexpected pleasure to be able to report that some 

 of the localities which a year or two ago were as European foul 

 brood ridden as any in the State, this year showed not a single 

 case. This applied to single towns in some instances, and also 

 to- a group of towns. Other localities are also reduced to al- 

 most disease-free condition. 



American Foul Brood and European Foul Brood in One 

 Colony. — Beekeepers from time to time have thought that 

 they have had both American and European foul brood in a 

 given colony. Inspectors occasionally from first examination 

 find difiiculty in determining which disease is present, or 

 whether both may be present. A case of dual infection is re- 

 ported this year from the laboratory of the Bureau of Ento- 

 mology.^ "In the examination of about 5,000 suspected sam- 

 ples of bee comb and brood from every section of the United 

 States and several foreign countries, the writer has never until 

 recently observed both American foul brood and European foul 

 brood in the same comb." The present writer, however, is 

 given to understand that there have been brought to attention 

 some few isolated cases of dual infection prior to the present 

 one. In fact. Dr. McCray says, "So far as the writer is aware 

 this is only the second authentic report, confirmed by labora- 

 tory finding, of the presence of these two diseases in the same 

 comb." The particular sample referred to is in Bureau of En- 

 tomology, Beekeeping No. 4982, from Patterson, Stanislaus 

 County, California, diagnosed on May 4, 1916. 



Sacbrood. — A year ago some unusual conditions with a ma- 

 lignant type of sacbrood were reported. During the current 



1 Arthur H. McCray, M.D., Agricultural Assistant, Bureau of Entomology. Report of the 

 Finding of American Foul Brood and European Foul Brood in the Same Bee Comb. Journal of 

 Economic Entomology, Vol. 9, June, 1916. 



