1894. 



THE A UERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 



i:> 



— five or six days from the start of 

 the flow, and upwards if the flow be- 

 gan abruptly sooner if there was alit- 

 tle honey coming for several days be- 

 fore — they will secrete wax quite 

 freely. As the flow " tapers off," 

 they will have more wax than Deed- 

 ed, SO use only starters when you 

 have occasion to give more room. 

 This gives them a chance to use the 

 wax they will have, and also tends to 

 make them tinish better the sections 

 already nearly done. 



Whether full sheets or starters be 

 used, put a starter on the bottom. 

 Cut the full sheets enough shorter, 

 allowing one fourth to three-eights of 

 an inch between. The bottom starter 

 makes a section that will ship much 

 better, and pays. 



If we could just get the bees to se- 

 crete wax at our option, then we 

 eould use full sheets of foundation to 

 advantage; but they will follow in- 

 stinct — not reason — and do not antici- 

 pate our inter-position in giving them 

 wax; hence, they will at times have a 

 surplus of wax. They may secrete 

 voluntarily, and yet be found with a 

 surplus. How many merchants and 

 others voluntarily bought goods be- 

 fore this crisis, but would have been 

 glad later if they could have stopped 

 their coming or found a use for them. 

 If the act be not voluntary, then it is 

 caused by the honey alone, and can- 

 not any more be expected to adjust 

 itself to the conditions than a cow 

 can stop her -ecretion of milk, if the 

 need of the milk suddenly ceases. 



Loveland, L'ol<>. 



We must urge our readers to send 

 in some contributions for publication. 

 They are always needed. 



does foul brood develop i roh chlled 

 (dead) be >. 



The question has been discussed by 

 the most experienced apiarists in dif- 

 ferent parts of the world time after 

 time, hence showing its importance, 

 without however, having' arrived as 

 vet at any definite conclusion. In 

 fact it seems almost as far off being 

 settled as over. There is one notice- 

 able feature in the discussion of late, 

 that whereas formerly many leading 

 bee-keepers positively denied the pos- 

 sibility of the disease developing 

 from dead brood, you do not find, ex- 

 cept in very few cases now, that same 

 positiveness of assertion. There is 

 more hesitation when expressing an 

 opinion among those who were so 

 prone to speak dogmatically on the 

 subject. It seems to me to be a mat- 

 ter so difficult to decide scientifically 

 that it is quite beyond the scope and 

 power of even our cleverest bee- 

 keepers to do so. No doubt it would 

 require some scores of experiments, 

 carried out under the greatest exact- 

 ness, in order to eliminate as far as 

 possible all risk of error before any- 

 thing decisive could be known. How 

 then is it at all likely that the pro- 

 blem could be determined by a com- 

 paratively few isolated cases which 

 there was no intention of testing the 

 matter in the first place ? 



Many of those who have held it 

 very probable that, foul broad has de- 

 veloped from dead brood, have been 

 reluctant to advance their opinions 

 against those of well-known men who 

 have decided otherwise. I have had 

 very many opportunities of examin- 

 ing broody colonies and have always 

 believed that chilled or scalded (dead) 



