INTRODUCTION. 3 



occupations had been in the employ of the Vesteraalen Steamship 

 Company. 



3. Gunerius Ingvald Isachsen, the cartographer of the expe- 

 dition, was a first lieutenant in the cavalry. He was born at 

 Drobak, in 1868, and has been in the army since 1891. Subse- 

 quently to the latter date he had passed through the Central 

 School of Gymnastics. 



4. Herman Georg Simmons, the botanist of the expedition, 

 is a Swede, and was born in Skaane, in 1866. He graduated at 

 the University of Lund, and has since distinguished himself in 

 his branch of knowledge by several scientific treatises, chiefly 

 on a botanical expedition which he undertook to the Faroe 

 Islands in 1895. 



5. Edvard Bay, the zoologist of the expedition, was born in 

 Jutland, in 1867. He took his degree at the University of Copen- 

 hagen, and is known for his previous study of the zoology of the 

 Arctic regions, having been a member of Lieutenant Eyder's expe- 

 dition to the east coast of Greenland in 1891. 



6. Johan Svendsen, the doctor of the expedition, was born at 

 Bergen, in 1866. After taking his medical degree, in 1893, he was 

 appointed doctor at the lazaretto in Bergen, at a time when an 

 epidemic of small-pox was raging there. He afterwards practised 

 in the district of Lyster, and for a short time was doctor on one of 

 the Hamburg- America liners. He also practised for some years in 

 the Lofoden Islands, where he was greatly esteemed. 



7. Per Schei was born in Snaasen, in 1875, and graduated at 

 the University of Christiania in mineralogy and geology in 1898. 

 He was the geologist of the expedition. 



8. Peder Leonard Hendriksen was born at Tromso, in 1859, 

 whence he sailed for many years walrus- catching in the Arctic 

 Ocean. He was a member of the former ' Fram ' expedition. 



9. Karl Olsen was born at Tromso, in 1866. He passed 

 through the School of Engineers, where he passed an examination 

 with distinction in 1893. He was our chief engineer on this 

 expedition. 



10. Jacob Nodtvedt was born in the parish of Manger, near 

 Bergen, in the year 1857. He had had experience as a smith in 



