APPENDIX I. 405 



level plateau of Archaean formatioD, sustaining a field of glaciation 

 which is the largest in these regions, and which, at the same time, 

 most resembles an ' inland ice.' Its outrunners, as a rule, reach .the 

 sea in the shape of productive glaciers. Their dimensions are too small, 

 however, for them to be called ice-streams, and to as great a distance 

 inland as it is possible to see from the sea, isolated tops and depressions 

 between the mountains break the surface of the ice. Near Smith Island, 

 in Jones Sound, and at Cadogan and Baird Inlets, towards the north, 

 this becomes more and more the case, and independent fields of glacia- 

 tion take the place of what was still, notwithstanding the breaks, a more 

 or less continuous ice-mantle. 



In the vicinity of Hayes Sound the Leffert and Alexandra glaciers 

 and the Hayes Sound glaciers are the largest of 'these fields of glaciation 

 which uniformly fill all depressions in the land, and to the east at any 

 rate shoot out their main arms seawards. Towards the west, on the 

 other hand, they terminate in valley glaciers and plateau fronts, while 

 the Hayes Sound glaciers clothe the heights south of the Flagler Fjord- 

 Bay Fjord pass with an ice-cap which descends to the valley in one 

 place only, barring it from side to side and damming up a lake. North 

 of the pass is another ice-mantle, from which a few arms reach the sea, 

 in Princess Marie Bay and Cauonfjord. 



Following the south coast of Ellesmere Land westward from Cone 

 Island, where extensive glaciation still approaches the coast in the shape 

 of a large productive glacier, the ice-mantle will be seen to recede from 

 the outer coast, and from here onwards a few arms only reach the sea 

 at the heads of the fjords, as, for instance, in Sydkapf jord and Baads- 

 fjord. As a rule, they are not met with until the valley has been 

 ascended for some little distance, as in Framsfjord, Grisefjord (Pig 

 Fjord), and Havnefjord. In the western part of Jones Sound the 

 glaciation on the outer coast is confined to local glaciers of the snow- 

 drift type, which I have already described, while the plateaus between 

 the fjords and the deeper valleys are covered by thin ice-mantles and 

 stationary snow-fields, which are unable even to feed the valley 

 glaciers. West of a line from the head of Boffelfjord (Buffalo Fjord), 

 past the head of Stenkulfjord, east of Vendomfjord, and up to the 

 outrunner from the Flagler Fjord-Bay Fjord pass, all the lower land 

 is free of snow in the summer months, some few snowdrift-glaciers 

 only, at Hell Gate, being exceptions to this rule. 



Although the actual glacial covering disappears on the west coast of 

 Ellesmere Land, a covering of the kind is again to be found on Heiberg 

 Land, in the tracts adjacent to Gletcherfjord, Ulvefjord, and Skaare- 

 f jord. Like everything to do with a glacial covering, this is primarily 

 caused by climatologic conditions in conjunction with the configuration 



VOL. II. 2 H 



