APPENDIX II. 471 



sibirica, ttaxifraga Hirculus, Potcntilla VahUana, Eutrema Edu-ardsii, 

 Braija purpurascens, Pleuropoyon Sabinei, Trisetum subspicatum, Elyna 

 spicata. An Aim was also found, very unlike that of Frams Havn in 

 its habitat, and as far as I could make out identical with A. brcvifolia 

 as described from Melville Island. 



From Framfjord we went on to Havnefjord, where we found our 

 second winter quarters. As, however, the country was covered with a 

 fall of snow a few days after we came there, no work worth mentioning 

 was done that autumn, nor had I -any opportunity to dredge. The 

 winter passed in a manner very similar to the previous one, and again 

 only occasional observations could be made. In the spring were made 

 some more observations with coloured thermometers, and also a number 

 of observations of the degrees of warmth on the surface of the ground, 

 among vegetation, etc., in sunny places. This winter was remark- 

 able for very great changes of temperature, and at the beginning of 

 May there was every indication that it would soon be summer. The 

 ground in favourable places was bare, and Salix arrtica began to show 

 bursting buds. The weather then grew colder again, and it was not 

 until June fi that I saw Saxifraga oppositifolia in flower. On the llth 

 followed Salix arctica, and before the end of the month I had noted 

 nineteen flowering species. 



My excursions this summer were chiefly to various parts of Havne- 

 fjord, though I also went a couple of trips westward, one of which was 

 as far as to the inner part of Muskusf jord. As during these excursions I 

 passed the limit of Archaean rocks, I had a good opportunity of observ- 

 ing how much richer these are, both in regard to the closeness of the 

 vegetation and the variety of species, than the Silurian strata, especially 

 the siliceous limestone which prevails here. The ground formed by its 

 products of denudation may be for large expanses entirely, or almost 

 entirely, without vegetation, at any rate as far as the higher plants are 

 concerned ; mosses were of rare occurrence, and the lichens also sparse. 



Among the new contributions to the list of the Ellesmere Land 

 phanerogams met with this summer, GhrysospUnium tetrandrum is 

 entitled to especial mention, as it has never been found anywhere in 

 Greenland. Saxifraga Hirculus, first met with in Framfjord, was quite 

 common farther west, along Jones Sound. This species, in Greenland, 

 is confined to the northern parts of the east coast. Chrysosplcnium 

 was found in Havnefjord, at the base of cliffs on which the glaucous 

 gull nested. On ledges higher up two other species had their only 

 habitat in Ellesmere Land, namely, Ranunculus affinis and Arnica 

 alpina. Other new ' finds ' were : Saxifraga aizoides, Ranunculus 

 SaUnei, Armeria ciliata var. humifusa, Ahine Rossii, Carex capillaris, 

 0. ustulafa, C.pedata, C. rupestris, Kobresia caricina. As far as I am 



