38 I'KOCKKIMXCiS OK THK ANATOMICAL AND ANTII KOl'OMHilCA L 



region passing from the jejunum to the transverse meso-colon are very 

 variable, and as it is necessary in the formation of this kind of hernia 

 that the orifice of the sac should be distinct, I propose to name the 

 ring which 1 have described the " annulus colicus sinister," as the left 

 colic artery runs in its margin. The large intestine was greatly dis- 

 tended and the transverse colon crossed the hernial sac near its lower 

 margin, being markedly narrowed for a distance of 4 inches to the 

 left of the mid-line. The descending colon was thrown into a huge 

 sigmoid loop which occupied all the abdominal cavity to the right of 

 the rectus muscle and flattened out the gall-bladder against the under 

 surface of the right lobe of the liver. There were old peritoneal ad- 

 hesions between the gall-bladder and the hepatic flexure of the colon. 

 The liver appeared to have been thrown back by the pressure of the 

 colon, the lower margin crossing the sternum at the seventh costo- 

 sternal junction, and the gall-bladder was situated opposite the eighth 

 rib in the anterior axillary line. The under surface of the right lobe 

 was deeply indented by the hepatic flexure of the colon. The trans- 

 verse colon crossed the abdomen from the tip of the ninth right costal 

 cartilage to the left anterior superior spine, situated (5j inches below 

 the tip of the xiphoid cartilage. Unfortunately, during manipula- 

 tion the sac was torn slightly, so that an attempt at reduction without 

 first incising the wall was impossible, but as it stood, reduction of 

 the whole of the contents was easy, the bowels being empty and 

 collapsed but showing no evidence of strangulation. 



I am indebted to Professor It. W. Reid and Mr. H. M. W. Gray 

 for kind assistance in making these observations. 



THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. 

 By C. M. SMITH. 



Professor lieid, Ladies and Gentlemen, The finding of a subject 

 for a student to read a paper upon is always a matter of some difficulty, 

 for he may know a little about a lot of things but not enough on one 

 particular branch of study to speak with confidence or from ex- 



