SOCIETY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 41 



the lower part of the leg and foot is hard and shrivelled. The foot is 

 short and shows excessive plantar flexion, the sharpest bend being at 

 the medio-tarsal joint, but the bend is also shared by the tarso-meta- 

 tarsal and ankle joints (Plate I.). So great is the bending that the 

 shafts of the metatarsal bones approach the vertical plane, and are 

 almost in the same vertical line as the anterior border of the tibia. In 

 consequence of this plantar flexion the heads of the metatarsal bones 

 project far below the heel, and immediately in front of the heel there 

 is a deep sulcus corresponding to the arch of the instep, the anterior 

 or metatarsal fold of skin and the heel skin being quite in apposition 

 in the sulcus. 



The heel is very much flattened on its lower surface, and the skin 

 is thick owing to the weight of the body being supported on this 

 portion by means of the long heel to the shoe. Owing to the vertical 

 direction of the metatarsal bones the plane of the heel makes little 

 more than a right angle with the metatarsus. The great and the 

 second toe are extended almost to a right angle upon the metatarsal 

 bones, and show callosities upon their under surface from pressure 

 when walking. The inner toes are flexed and crushed under the great 

 toe, little of them being seen from the dorsal aspect, even the nails 

 being on the plantar surface. These toes also show callosities from 

 pressure. 



The following are measurements of the left foot : 



Circumference at upper end - 22 cm. 



Circumference at internal malleolus - 18'7 cm. 



Circumference round heel and foot at tarso-metatarsal joint - 23 cm. 



Circumference at head of first metataraal bone - 13-5 cm. 



Total length of foot from tip of great toe to back of heel - 13 cm. 

 Length from back of heel to base of second metatarsal bone 8-7 cm. 

 Great toe projects below plane of heel - 6 - 3 cm. 

 Breadth of foot across heads of metatarsal bones 5-3 cm. 



Depth of sulcus in front of heel - 2'3 cm. 



Heel pad is roughly circular with a diameter of - 5 cm. 



On removing the skin, which was very hard and dry, a consider- 



6 



