60 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



which forms the inner wall of the tooth-sockets, terminating behind 

 in the lingula. A small part of the body by the side of the symphysis 

 results from the direct ossification of the anterior end of Meckel's 

 cartilage ; and, posteriorly, the condyle and a portion of the ramus, 

 including the angle, are developed from another ossification in car- 

 tilage." 



On the other hand, Testut (22) says that each half of the lower jaw 

 is developed on the outer surface of Meckel's cartilage after the manner 

 of the membrane bones of the skull. Kolliker, he says, holds that the 

 bony condyle is preceded by a cartilaginous condyle, and that the 

 anterior part of Meckel's cartilage is ossified along with the lower 

 jaw. Testut admits that the method of development of the mandible, 

 particularly that of the condyle, demands further investigation. 



Figs. 1 and 2. Scheme of the ossification of the lower jaw according to Rambaud and Renault 



(figured by Testut). 

 Fig. 1 viewed from the outer and Fig. 2 from the inner aspect. 1. Inferior centre; 2. incisive 



centre ; 3. supplementary centre of the mental foramen ; 4. coronoid centre ; 5. condyluid 



centre ; 6. centre of Spix or splcnial. 



Finally, he states that according to Rambaud and Renault, each 

 half maxilla has six points of ossification visible from the fiftieth day 

 of infra-uterine life : 



1. The /'///; -rinr centre, which is visible at the thirtieth to the thirty- 

 fifth day as a series of bony granules at the lower border of 

 the bone. 

 The ///r/.v//v centre, situated on each side of the symphysis in 



the space which later the incisors will occupy. 

 3. The *n}>i>l,-iH<>iit<int centre of the mental foramen, a small 

 lamella which helps by its lower border to form the men- 

 tal foramen. 



