104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



Ethiopia, Tekrour and Genewah or Genowah, all of which simply 

 mean " Negroland " or the "Land of the Blacks ". Northern Africa 

 may be roughly divided into three portions running parallel to one 

 another in a direction from east to west, viz. (1) an extra-tropical 

 portion north of the desert of Sahara, (2) a desert portion, the 

 Sahara, and (3) an intra-tropical portion, the Sudan or Land of the 

 Blacks, of which Hausaland forms a part. 



The map of Africa shows on its western side, between the 

 seventh and sixteenth parallels of north latitude, a loosely formed 

 Y-shaped water system. The arms of the Y are represented by the 

 Niger flowing from the north-west and the Benu or Bani flowing 

 from the north-east towards each other. They meet at Lakoja, a 

 little to the south of the eighth parallel of north latitude. From this 

 point they flow together under the name Niger very nearly due south 

 for a distance of about 250 miles to the Gulf of Guinea. This river 

 represents the stem of the Y. The eastern arm of the Y, the 

 Bani, is somewhat shorter than the western, and is completed by the 

 southern portion of Lake Tchad lying north of its sources. The area 

 contained within the arms of this Y-shaped water system north of the 

 tenth parallel and extending as far north as the fourteenth parallel of 

 north latitude corresponds to Bornou and Hausaland proper. The 

 addition of the adjective " proper " to the name Hausaland becomes 

 necessary in view of the present-day practice of including within 

 the limits of Hausaland a state called Borgu, which was not one of 

 the original seven Hausa states. The effect of this inclusion is to 

 extend the Hausaland of to-day, roughly, as far south as the ninth 

 parallel of north latitude. For Borgu, which lies on the left bank of 

 the Niger and outside the Y-shaped water system, extends about as 

 far south. Hausaland lies between the fourth and eleventh meridians 

 of east longitude. 



2. GENERAL I{I.M\KKS ON THE HAUSA PEOPLE. 



The population of the area thus roughly indicated has not, as far 

 as 1 know, been accurately ascertained. It is very roughly estimated 



