110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



5. Sokoto Gaisua, a tax paid to Sokoto and Gando by all other 



emirates under the Fulani regime. 

 (>. Kurdin Sarauta, an accession duty paid by a chief or holder of 



office on appointment. 



7. Every form of handicraft was separately taxed. 



8. Vendors in markets, merchants, traders and brokers were 



taxed at different rates in different places in addition to the 

 tolls on caravans. 



9. Gado, or death duties, were collected and intestate estates 



lapsed to the ruler in default of a recognised heir. 



10. Fines, court bribes, presents, whenever an inferior presented 

 himself before a superior ; and other irregular levies. 



11. Minor special taxes on brewers, date palms, honey, dancing 

 girls, etc. 



These taxes were collected by officials known as Jakada and 

 Ajele, who were agents of the fief-holder under the feudal system 

 that came in with the Fulani occupation. The Jakada was to give 

 notice when the taxes became due, and the Ajele was entrusted with 

 the actual collection. The whole system of taxation is being re- 

 organised by the British Administration. 



The industries of Hausaland resemble those of other Muslim 

 countries in Africa. The people, although brave and fearless, are 

 on the whole a peaceful and industrious people. Agriculture is 

 keenly pursued. Among their farm products are guinea-corn, known 

 in Africa as kus-kus, a leading article of diet, maize or Indian corn 

 and wheat, sweet potatoes and yam, and the boabab or breadfruit. 

 Indigo, which furnishes their principal dye, used to be extensively 

 cultivated. Besides agriculture, cattle tending was also an important 

 occupation. The Hausas and Bornuese, like the Fulani, are great 

 herdsmen, and among them in old times, as among the patriarchs of 

 the Bible, a man's wealth was estimated by the size of his flocks and 

 the number of his slaves and retainers. Other industries were weav- 

 ing, dyeing, brass- working, mat and basket making, and working in 

 leather. Some of these industries have declined with the changes of 



