224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGK \l. 



forms of the human ear had distinguished certain types, but the 

 characters on which these types were based seemed to me arbitrary 

 and artificial. Since the four kinds of anthropoid apes, the gorilla, 

 the chimpanzee (Fig. 3), the orang and the gibbon, are admitted by all 



A 



Fig. 3. Ear of orang (A) and of chimpanzee (B) (natural size), a, root of helix ; b, ascending 

 helix; c, horizontal helix; d, descending helix; e, anthelix ; f, antitragus ; g, tragus ; h, 

 lobule. 



to be co-descendants with man from a common stock, it seemed to me 

 most probable that in the forms of ear met with in these animals for 

 each lias a characteristic type would be found a natural basis for the 

 classification of the forms found in men. In Figs. 3 and 5 are given 

 diagrams representing to scale the forms of ears found in the four 

 anthropoids. The ear of the gibbon is interesting ( Fig. "> B), but may 

 be at once excluded as far as our present purpose is concerned ; it is 

 apparently a type intermediate to that found in the other anthropoids 

 and certain ear forms found in the lower primates of America. But 

 in the gorilla, chimpanzee and orang we have forms of ear very 

 similar to types found in men. The gorilline type is the more human ; 

 the orang and chimpanzee have ears which arc sharply contrasted, 

 and very little inquiry serves to show that among human ears types 

 occur which correspond to the chimpanzee and to the orang forms. 



