226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



1. Those which I called typically human (that is, represented a 



degree of development intermediate to tire orang and chim- 

 panzee types) ; 



2. Anomalous or atypical ears ; 



3. A form which is distinguished from the chimpanzee type only 



by the smallness of its size (see Fig. 6) ; and 



4. A cercopitheque form, which I soon abandoned because I 



found that in reality the peculiarity of the type depended on 

 the absence of infolding of the posterior border of the helix. 

 Thus, finally, I distinguished or rather attempted to distinguish 

 five types of ear : (1) Typically human, (2) orang, 

 (3) large chimpanzee, (4) small chimpanzee, and 

 (5) anomalous or atypical forms. But the attempt 

 brought home to me the truth that in the distinc- 

 tion of types, or rather, in classifying forms into 

 groups, one attempts to draw lines of demarcation 

 where Nature has drawn none, for between every 

 type distinguished there occurs a chain of inter- 

 Fij. 6. The form of ear mediate forms, some of which belong as much to 



distinguished as the 



small chimpanzee one type as to the other. It is a difficulty which 



type (H natural size). 



The ear is small, but is encountered in every branch of anthropological 



the upper parts of the 



helix and antheiix are investigation, whether one is inquiring into the 



wide. 



form of head, the form of face, of nose, or the 

 degree of pigmentation ; everywhere artificial lines have to be drawn. 

 The results we obtain in such a method as this cannot have a mathe- 

 matical exactness ; the personal error must be large, but not so large 

 as to invalidate the general truth of the results acquired or to prevent 

 the comparison of the results obtained at one time and place with 

 those acquired at another time and place. At least such a method 

 would serve the useful purpose of finding out whether the vast labour, 

 \vhieh accurate measurement by tape and compass entails, would repay 

 tin- man who undertook the task. Were I again to commence ob- 

 servations I would adopt the car of the typical West Coast negro as 

 another type. 



