234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



black-haired ? To answer this question I worked out the mean 

 development in the fair-haired and black-haired individuals, and found 

 in every group examined in this country the lobule was - 04 to - 60 

 larger in the black than in the fair-haired. This was also the case at 

 Elmshorn ; but in Leipzig and Hamburg the case was reversed there 

 the fair-haired had the larger lobule. These were the brachycephalic, 

 fair-haired people, while those at Elmshorn and in this country are 

 in the majority mesoccphalic or dolichocephalic. 



Many of those who have inquired into the condition of the ear 

 in the insane, the criminal and vagrant classes have regarded what 

 they have called the absence in reality the smallness and adhesion 

 of the lobule as a mark or stigma of degeneration. My inquiries, 

 made on a more extensive basis, show no grounds for such an infer- 

 ence. But, on the other hand, I found that the auricular tip and a 

 marked degree of inrolling of the helix were distinctly more frequently 

 present in criminals and in congenital idiots than in normal people 

 (\iifin-f, Nov. 7, 1901, p. 16). 



It would exceed the bounds of this paper were I to discuss the 

 results of my observations on the infolding of the helix, the occurrence 

 and significance of Darwin's point, the development of the tragus and 

 antitragns to the extent with which I have dealt with the lobule. I 

 propose to bring my paper to a conclusion by a brief description of 

 the characters, significance and distribution of the two types of ear I 

 have distinguished as the "orang" and "chimpanzee". 



The orang type (see Figure 2 A) of ear is small, its long dia- 

 meter measuring under 60 mm. ; the helix is markedly inrolled, the 

 anthelix is well developed deepening the concha of the ear, and pro- 

 jecting outwards beyond the level of the helix. It is commonly 

 closely applied to the head. In the chimpan/ee type (see Figure 2 

 I'.) the helix, especially the upper part, is wide, expanded and in- 

 rolled to a slight degree, the anthelix is neither prominent nor 

 markedly convex, and usually is not closely applied to the head, but 

 projects outwards (see Figure 3 H). 



These two types represent the extremes of a developmental pro- 



