24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



grey sea and greyer mud. For the first nine ni'Ies the banks are 

 fringed with mangrove and present the appearance of a typical 

 rhizophora swamp and above this Nipa palms become common and the 

 mangroves disappear. A little beyond this the banks are raised at 

 intervals as much as two to three feet above the river and bear a 

 fairly open jungle con taining many eucalyptustrees, some of which 

 resemble the larger Australian ti. On one such raised area our 

 first camp was made. Farther up lengths of this kind of jungle 

 alternate with open, grassy swamps which, without any definite 

 margin, seem to fuse with the reeds and sedges of the river bed. 



Above this a few coconut trees appear at some distance from the 

 river bank, and soon native gardens with a few patches of forest trees 

 occur on the higher banks. Throughout the distance ascended, the 

 river, which presents a very winding course, varies considerably in 

 width, some reaches being very noticeably broader than others. About 

 half a mile up stream from its mouth Lieutenant Meyjesof the Dutch 

 Navy (bund that the river was 150 yards broad, and had narrowed to 

 between 50 and 60 yards where the mangrove belt began to give 

 place to other vegetation. After the first day's travel there was 

 enough drifting weed to obstruct the screw and necessitate frequent 

 stoppages to free it. 



We met natives belonging to the Toro tribe on the third day of 

 our ascent of the river, soon after scattered clumps of coconuts had 

 become frequent on the higher ground at a little distance from the 

 river. Camp was pitched on the right bank of the river, on a small 

 knoll on which grew an isolated clump of bamboo. 



The natives were living at a place which appeared to be called 

 Tivi, some three miles from our camp in a north-easterly direction 

 and thus on the opposite side of the river. This was stated to be a 

 recent, perhaps temporary, settlement made among the marshes on 

 account of the fear inspired by Tugere raiders from over the Dutch 

 border. The track to the village ]>assed through extremely rich taro 

 gardens, the ground being drained by many cuttings about a foot deep 

 and eighteen inches to two feet across, Tibi itself seemed a poor 



