SOCIKTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 29 



villages fringing the straits between Fergusson and Goodenough, 93 

 (78'8 per cent.) are dolichocephalic, 'I'l (18'6 per cent.) are inesati- 

 cephalic, and only 3 (2 - 6 per cent.) are brachycephalic. These figures 

 agree fairly well with the measurements of 34 skulls with an average 

 index of 73, collected by the Daniels Expedition from a cave at 

 Awaiama in Chads Bay. The natives of the D'Entrecasteaux group, 

 and especially the men of Fergusson Island, were the shortest we 

 met in New Guinea, the average of eleven Fergusson Island men 

 was about 1,530 mm. (about 60^ inches) and two of these men were 

 under 1,470 mm., i.e., considerably under 58 inches. 



The coast and bush folk of Goodenough and Bartle Bay present 

 as a rule very much the same appearance as the men of Normanby or 

 Goodenough Island, and Fig. 3, Plate III., shows a fairly typical Pa- 

 puo-Melanesian, a native of Goodenough Bay. Passing eastwards, the 

 cephalic index begins to rise and brachycephalic individuals become 

 less rare, although dolichocephaly is the typical condition until Tube- 

 tube in the Engineer group is passed. In the Louisiades, lying farther 

 west, of nine men examined only one was dolichocephalic, while three 

 were brachycephalic, and the average of this small group was 79. 

 The tendency towards brachycephaly becomes even more marked in 

 the northern half of the area under consideration, that is to say, in that 

 part of the area in which there is reason to believe there has been an 

 infusion of Polynesian blood. The Marshall Bennet group, although 

 inhabited by a short people (average 1,577 mm., i.e., about OiJ inches), 

 is an interesting example of this. The measurements of fifteen men 

 from Gawa and Kwaiawata give an average cephalic index of 80, 

 showing that these islanders are predominantly brachycephals or high 

 mesaticephals. The same conclusion is supported by the measurements 

 made by Mr. W. I. Pocock on 35 skulls collected upon Kwaiawata 

 with an average cephalic index of 77. In this group the extremes of 

 the inhabitants formed two types of men which could be distinguished 

 at sight, one leptorhine or mesorhine and leptoprosopic, the other 

 platyrhine and generally europrosopic ; the two types which also differ 

 in stature are shown in Plate III., Fig. 4. Much the same condition of 



