SOCIETY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 83 



front of tragus of pinna) to a plane touching the highest part 

 of the middle line of the head in the horizontal position. 

 Characters (2) (3) and (4) were measured with Flower's callipers. 

 No special allowance was made for the hair in taking the cranial 

 circumference, but in taking the other three measurements the points 

 of the callipers were passed between the hairs. 



(5) Height Standing, less heels of boots. 



(6) Height Sitting. 



(5) and (6) were measured with a stadiometer made by Ashton 

 and Mander, London. 



(7) Span of arms from opposite finger-tips (behind the chest), as 



measured with a special instrument made by the same firm. 



(8) Colour of Hair, five classes : Black, Dark, Brown, Fair, Red. 



No special standard test colours were used. 



(9) Colour of Eyes, three classes : Dark, Medium, Light, as tested 



by Gallon's standard colours for eyes, made by Groves, London. 



(10) Size of Right Pupil, measured by pupillometer on the ophthal- 



moscope. 



(11) Colour Sense, as ascertained by Jeaffreson's colour circle and 



Holmgren's wools for refinements. 



(12) Keenness of Hearing. 



(11) and (12) call for no elaborate discussion. 



II. DIVISION OF STUDENTS INTO Two GROUPS. 



3. I have divided the total collection of students into two groups : 

 the first group contains 493 individuals whose parents were both 

 Scottish, the second group contains 93 men who have only one parent 

 Scottish or one or both parents English, Welsh or Irish, and I shall 

 call these the Scottish and the non-Scottish groups respectively. I 

 have excluded foreigners and women students, of whom there were 45. 



3a. It is worth noting that about 75 per cent, of the Scottish 

 group belong to the four adjoining counties of Kincardine, Aberdeen, 

 Banff and Moray, in the sense that at least one parent of each member 

 of the group was born in one or other of these counties, but, as we 



