68 PROCEEDINttS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL 



They continue downwards to the surface of the bladder where they become 

 continuous with the peritoneum of that viscus. Inferiorly where this band 

 of peritoneum joins that of the bladder, its breadth is about 2i inches. 

 (Signature of observer) JAMES DUNCAN BROWN. 



Date of observation, 3rd March, 1914. 

 Sex of subject, Female. 

 Side or region of subject, Right. 

 Number of Subject, 5. 



The right kidney of this subject has two ureters, one of which emerges 

 obliquely from the superior end of the hilum, while the other emerges obliquely 

 from its inferior end. The former lies below the artery of the kidney but 

 above the vein and behind both vessels, while the latter lies below and 

 behind them. The two ureters are about one inch apart at the hilum, but they 

 quickly approach one another. Each of them is about the size of a goose- 

 quill in diameter. They descend obliquely inwards into the pelvis, where 

 they are closely attached by their inner borders by connective tissue. In 

 their course they lie a little behind and to the outside of the inferior vena 

 cava, and are crossed obliquely from within outwards, by the ovarian vessels 

 and the mesenteric vessels. 



They pass obliquely inwards over the psoas muscle and at the first part 

 of the sacrum cross the external iliac artery. They pass along the side of 

 the neck of the uterus and upper part of the vagina. About one inch before 

 they enter the bladder they unite to form one tube, which terminate in the 

 bladder in the usual way. 



The ureter of the left kidney is quite normal in its origin, course, relations, 



and termination. 



(Signature of observer) T. D. WATT. 



Date of observation, 9th May, 1914. 

 Sex of subject, Male. 

 Side or region of subject, Right. 

 Number of subject, 4. 



Abnormal Branching of Thyreocervical Trunk. 

 Almost at its origin from the subclavian the thyreocervical trunk (thyroid 



