Chap. XVI.] THE YOUNG LIKE THE ADULT MALES. 195 



attired than the males." But the diiFerence in color be- 

 tween the sexes is far from conspicuous. The male alone 

 of P. fulicarms undertakes, according to Prof. Steenstrup, 

 the duty of incubation, as is likewise shown by the state 

 of his breast-feathers during the breeding-season. The 

 female of the dotterel plover (Eudromias morinellus) is 

 larger than the male, and has the red and black tints on 

 the lower surface, the white crescent on the breast, and 

 the stripes over the eyes, more strongly pronounced. The 

 male also takes at least a share in hatching the eggs ; but 

 the female likewise attends to the young. *"• I have not 

 been able to discover whether with these species the 

 young resemble the adult males more closely than the 

 adult females ; for the comparison is somewhat difficult to 

 make on account of the double moult. 



Turning now to the Ostrich order: the male of the 

 common cassowary {Casiiarivs galeatus) would be 

 thought by any one to be the female, from his smaller 

 size and from the appendages and naked skin about his 

 head being much less brightly colored; and I am in- 

 formed by Mr. Bartlett that in the Zoological Gardens it 

 is certainly the male alone who sits on the eggs and takes 

 care of the young.^' The female is said by Mr. T. W. 

 Wood ^"^ to exhibit during the breeding-season a most 



*" For these several statements, see Mr. Gould's ' Birds of Great Brit- 

 ain.' Prof. Newton informs me that he has long been convinced, from 

 his own observations and from those of others, that the males of the 

 above-named species take either the whole or a large share of the duties 

 of incubation, and that they " show much greater devotion toward their 

 young, when in danger, than do the females." So it is, as he informs me, 

 with Limosa lapponica and some few other Waders, in which the females 

 are larger and have more strongly-contrasted coloi's than the males. 



=*' The natives of Ceram (Wallace, 'Malay Archipelago,' vol. ii. p. 150) 

 assert that the male and female sit alternately on the eggs ; but this as- 

 sertion, as Mr. Bartlett thinks, may be accounted for by the female visit- 

 ing the nest to lay her eggs. 



5-^ ' The Student,' April, 1870, p. 124. 



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