Chap. XVIII.] DEVELOPMENT OF HAIR. 269 



been acquired for the sake of exciting fear in their ene- 

 mies. One of the above-named antelopes, the Portax 

 picta^ has a large, well-defined brush of black hair on the 

 throat, and this is much larger in the male than in the 

 female. In the Ammotragus tragelaphus of North Africa, 

 a member of the sheep family, the front-legs are almost 

 concealed by an extraordinary growth of hair, which de- 

 pends from the neck and upper halves of the legs; but 

 Mr. Bartlett does not believe that this mantle is of the 

 least use to the male, in whom it is much more developed 

 than in the female. 



Male quadrupeds of many kinds differ from the females 

 in having more hair, or hair of a different character, on 

 certain parts of their faces. The bull alone has curled 

 hair on the forehead." In three closely-allied subgenera 

 of the goat family, the males alone possess beards, some- 

 times of a large size ; in two other subgenera both sexes 

 have a beard, but this disappears in some of the domestic 

 breeds of the common goat ; and neither sex of the Hemi- 

 tragus has a beard. In the ibex the beard is not devel- 

 oped during the summer, and is so small at other seasons 

 that it may be called rudimentary." With some monkeys 

 the beard is confined to the male, as in the Orang, or is 

 much larger in the male than in the female, as in the Myce- 

 tes caraya and Pithecia satanas (Fig. 66). So it is with 

 the whiskers of some species of Macacus," and, as we have 

 seen, with the manes of some species of baboons. But 

 with most kinds of monkeys the various tufts of hair about 

 the face and head are alike in both sexes. 



The males of various members of the Ox family (Bo- 



^^ ' Hunter's Essays and Observations,' edited by Owen, 1861, vol. i. 

 p. 236. 



'^ See Dr. Gray's ' Cat. of Mammalia in British Museum,' part iii. 

 1852, p. 144, 



" Rengger, ' Saugethiere,' etc., s. 14 ; Desmarest, ' Mammalogie,' p. 66. 



