Chap. XVIII.] DEVELOPMENT OF HAIR. 37I 



been developed for a distinct purpose from that which the 

 whiskers, mustache, and other tufts of hair on the face, 

 serve ; and no one will suppose that these are useful as a 

 protection. Must we attribute to mere purposeless varia- 

 bility in the male all these appendages of hair or skin ? 

 It cannot be denied that this is possible ; for, with many- 

 domesticated quadrupeds, certain characters, apparently 

 not derived through reversion from any wild parent-foi-m, 

 have appeared in, and are confined to, the males, or are 

 more largely developed in them tlian in the females — for 

 instance, the hump in the male zebu-cattle of India, the 

 tail in fat-tailed rams, the arched outline of the forehead 

 in the males of several breeds of sheep, the mane in the 

 ram of an African breed, and, lastly, the mane, long hairs 

 on the hinder legs, and the dewlap in the male alone, of 

 the Berbura goat.^® The mane which occurs in the rams 

 alone of the above-mentioned African breed of sheep, is a 

 true secondary sexual character, for it is not developed, 

 as I hear from Mr. Winwood Reade, if the animal be cas- 

 trated. Although we ought to be extremely cautious, as 

 shown in my work on " Variation under Domestication," 

 in concluding that any character, even with animals kept 

 by semi-civilized people, has not been subjected to selec- 

 tion by man, and thus augmented ; yet in the cases just 

 specified this is improbable, more especially as the charac- 

 ters are confined to the males, or are more strongly devel- 

 oped in them than in the females. If it were positively 

 known that the African ram with a mane was descended 

 fi'om the same primitive stock with the other breeds of 

 sheep, or the Berbura male goat witb his mane, dewlap, 

 etc., from the same stock with other goats ; and if selec- 



'* See the chapters on these several animals in voL i. of my ' Varia- 

 tion of Animals under Domestication ; ' also vol. ii. p. '73 ; also chap. xx. 

 on the practice of selection by semi-civilized people. For the Berbura 

 goat, see Dr. Gray, ' Catalogue,' ibid. p. ISV. 



