20 TETRANDRIA. MONOGINIA, 



b. Corolla tetrapetalous; or none. 

 65. LUDWIGIA. Nuit Gen. 141. 

 [In honor of Christian Gottlieb Ludwig; a German Botanist.] 



Cal. 4 parteJ, persistent. Cor. 4 petalled, or 0. Caps. 4 angled, 4 celled, many seeded. 

 li. MACROCARPA- ill-c. Stem crect, branching; leaves alternate, lanceolate; flowers 4 petalled. 

 Synon. L. alternifolia. JVilld. Ell. and Mu/il. FuZg-o— Bastard Loose-strife. 

 Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. 



Hab. Swampy meadows, and along rivulets; frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow. 

 Li. palustris. Ell. Stem creeping; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, tapering at base; flowers apetalous, 

 Synon. L. nitida. Mx. and Ph. Isnardia palustris. IVilld. Nutt. Muhl. &c. 

 Fl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September. 



Hab. Low, muddy grounds, ditches, &c. frequent. 4 to 10 inches long: smooth and succulent. 

 Obs. I am satisfied that this plant is a true Ludwigia- 



6G. CORNUS. Nutt. Gen. 143. 

 [Lat. Cornu, horn; in allusion to the horny tougliness of its wood.] 



Cal. small, 4 toothed. Cor. petals small, broader at the base. Drupe containing a 2 celled nut. 



§1. Flowers involucrate: in Heads. 



C. FLORIDA. Fll. Arborescent; leaves ovate, acuminate, involucre large, obcordate; drupes ovate. 



F«'/g:o— Dog-wood. Large flowered Cornel. Male Virginian Dog-wood. 



Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Last of September. 



Ilcib. Woodlands; everywhere common. 10 to 20, and sometimes, though rarely, 30 or 40 feet high. 



Obs. This well-known small tree, (so much admired, when in flower, for its showy white involucres,) 

 possesses some valuable properties. The bark is an excellent tonic; approaching the Cinchona in etScacy. 

 See Dr- Walker's Inaugural Thesis, 1808. Philad. The straight stems of the young trees atiord hoop-poles 

 for the coopers; and the slender, regularly-disposed branches, distafis for spinsters. The wood is very firm, 

 and is used by wood-choj^pers, for making wooden wedges. We might even quote classical authority for 

 its fitness for warlike implements; as Virgil says " bona, bello cornus" — though he certainly had refer- 

 ence to another, and probably totally distinct plant. Our observing Farmers say, that the proper time tO' 

 plant Indi(j,n corn, (Zea mays) is when the involucres of the Dog-wood make their appearance. I have 

 never seen the other American involucrate species (C. canadensis,) on this side of the Pokono raoun- 

 tain, in this state; and believe it is exclusively confined to such regions. 



§ 2. Flowers naked: in Cymes. 



C SERicEA. FU. Leaves oval, acuminate, silky beneath, with a russet pubescence on the ribs. 



Synon. C. lanuginosa. Mx. C. sanguinea .' JV/ars/ia//. Fw/go— Red-rod. Red-willow. Swamp Dog-wood'. 



Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. 



Ilab. Swamps, springheads, and rivulets: Brandywine: frequent. 5 to S feet high: flowers white, 



Obs. This shrub also possesses tonic virtues. Sec as above. The young branches are of a handsome red 

 color; and the ripe berries a brigit blue. 



C ALTERNA. Mar. Leaves ovrte, often obovate, acuminate, hoary beneath; cymes depressed, expanding,. 

 Synon. C. alternifolia. Fh. Ell. &;c. I- a/g-o— Alternate branched, or Female Virginian Dog-wood. 

 Fl. Latter end of May. Pr. mat. Last of July. 



Hab. Fence-rows, and thickets: frequent. 10 to 15 feet high: flowers white: berries globose, dark blue. 



Obs. The name alternifolia, latterly applied to this species, is by no means a happy one. Marshall's 

 jname, m reference to the branches, is perhaps better. 



C. PANICULATA. Ph. Branches erect; leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminate, hoary beneath; cymes paniculate. 

 Synon. C candidissima. Marshall. F«/go— White Dog-wood. Swamp American Dog-wood. 

 Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Middle of September. 



Hub. Flat, moist grounds: Roadside, west of Strode's Mill: rare. 4, to 6*or S feet high: flowers white. 

 _ Obs. This appears to be the variety, marked albida, of Pursh. I have only met with it in the abovemen- 

 tioned place, a lew rods west of Joseph Strode's Mill. The ripe berries are white, and. globose. 



!B. Flowers Interior, a. Corolla monopetaloxis- 



67. PLANTAGQ. Nutt. Gen. 145. 



[Etymology obscure: Bocrhaave suggests, " quiaplantis pedum juxta vias conculcatur.''] 



Flowers on spiked scapes. Cal. 4 clef t. Cos. 4 cleft. iSfam. very long. Caps. 2 celled, circumscissed"- 



