SYNGENESIA. .^QUALIS. 85 



284. ARCTIUM. Nutt. Gen. 686. 

 [Gr. Ai-ktos, a bear; its bristly burs resembling the rough hairs of a bearskin. De T/ieJs] 



Cal. globose; scales hooked inwards at the points. Pappus bristly, scabrous. Recept. chaffy. 



A. LAPPA. Fl.Brit. Leaves oblong-cordate, petiolate; flowers panjculats; calyxsmooth, 

 Kit/ffo— Bur-dock. 



Fl- Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of August, and after. 



Huh. About houses, gardens, fence-rpws, &c. common. 2 to 5 feet high: flowers purple. 



Obs- A naturalized foreigner, known to every body; and an unwelcome intruder. Its burs are particu- 

 larly troublesome in tfie fleeces of sheep, horses' manes, &c. and neat farmers are careful to keep the plant 

 in subjection. It is, however, a popular article in domestic medicine. The root and seeds are often usedj 

 in infusion, in cases of cholic; and the leaves are a favorite external application in fevers, head -aches, &c. 



285. CNICUS. mtt. Gen. 638, 

 [An ancient Greek name, from knizo, to sting; alluding to its prickles.] 



Cal. ventricose; scales mostly spinose. Pappus sessile, plumose. Recept. villous. 

 5 1. Leaves all pinnatifid. 

 C. LAN'CEOLATUS. Pk- Leaves decurrent, hispid; calyx ovate; scales lanceolate, spreading. 

 Synon. Carduus lanceolatus. /'.'- Brit .&c. Fu/g-o— Common Thistle. 



Fl. Last of June, and after. Fr. mat. Last of July, and after. 



Hab. Rich pastures; fence-rows, &c. common. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers purple. 



Obs. This is believed to be a foreigner; and an obnoxious v/eed it is.:— but being biennial, it may be kept 

 tinder, by means of vigilance, and industry. 



C. DISCOLOR. Ell. Leaves sessile, hoary-tomentose beneath; calyx globose; scales ovate> appressed. 

 Fl. Beginning of August, and afcer. Fr. mat. Last of August, and after. 



Hab. Moist, low grounds: Patton's, &c. frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers purple. 



0. ODORATUS. Muhl. Woolly; leaves sub-arnplexicaul; calyx sub-globose; scales lanceolate, appressed. 

 Synon. C. pumilus. Nutt. Vulgo— Sweet scented Thistle. 



Fl- Middle of July. Fr. mat. MiJddle of August. 



Hub. Old fields: Barrens, &c. frequent. 1^ to 2 feet high: flowers reddish purple, large. 



Obs. In my specimens the stems, and ribs of the leaves, are densely covered with long lanuginous hairs- 

 tie segments of the leaves armed with very long spines— auJ the calyx frequently subtended by puinatifid, 

 spinose bractes. 



C MUTicus. Ell. Branching; leaves woolly beneath, segments spinulous; calyx globose: scales unarmed' 



Synon. Cirsium muticum. 3I.c. 



Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. viat. Last of September. 



Hab Low grounds, and borders of swamps: common. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers deep purple. 



Obs. The calyx scales of this species are lanuginous, and usually viscid. It is rather a troublesome 

 plant in our low meadow grounds. 



§ 2. Radical leaves only pinnatifid. 



C ALTissiMVs. Ell Stem leaves sessile, lance-oblong, scabrous above, downy beneath; calyx ovate, brae 

 Fi. Middle of August, and after. Fr. vuit. Last of September. [teate. 



Hab. Sandy banks, along fences; Barrens, &c. frequent. 4 to 8 feet high: flowers pale purple. 



06s. I have frequently met with a plant much resembling this, but of smaller .size, (2 to 3 feet high,) an3 

 7ione of the leaves pinnatifid. I have always supposed it to be a mere variety :— but it may po.?sibly be the 

 C. virgimahus, of Elliott,— if, indeed, that be a distinct species,- which 1 perceive Mr. Eaton does not 

 admit. See Eaton's Manual, p. 265. 



-/•P^The C. HORRiDULUs, I have not seen on this side of New Jersey: and the C- arvensis, or'Canada 

 lUistle, happily tor us, has not yet made its appearance in this region. 



\). Floivers discoid: Receptacle naked. 



28(>. MIKANIA. Xutt. Gen. 643. 

 [In honor of Joseph Mikan; a Botanist of Prague.] 

 Cal. 4 or C leaved, equal, 4 or 6 flowered. Style long, bifid. Pappus pilose- 

 M. 8CANDENS. Ell. Stem twining, glabrous; leaves opposite, petiolate, sub-hastate-cordate, acuminate 

 Synon. Eupatorium scandens. AIx. 



Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. 



Hab. Swamps; along rivulets, kc rare. 8 to 5 feet long: flowers white, or bluish white. 



Vo?in*;, ^t '''^•^ not yet found this plant in the immediate vicinity of West-Chester; but I have seen it at thk 

 Yellow .vprmgs, 10 miles north: and at Mr -Wm. Jack.on's, in Londongrove. 



