98 M0N6ECIA. TRIANDRIA. 



Gi FOLLictTLATA. Schw. Female spikes roundish, few-flowered: fruit inflated, acuminafe . 

 Fl- Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Middle of August. 



TIab. Low, swampy grounds: frequent. Ijto 2 feethigb: female spikes 2, often but 1. 



1 1 Female spikes on exsert peduncles, partly sheathed at base. 



e. XAWTIIOPHVSA. Schw. Female spikes ovate, remote, pedunculate; fruit oblong-conoid, beaked- 



JY. Middle of June. /">-. maf. Last of August. 



Ilab. Wet, low grounds: Patton's; Brandywine: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: female spikes 2 to 4. 



Obs. Mr. Schweinitz remirked to me that this was no< the C. xanthophysa, ol Muhlenberf;; the latter 

 plant being the C striata, of Mr. S. This species seems to resemble C- lujiulina more than C folliculata; 

 but ;i readily distinguished by its distant, pedunculate female spikes. 



C. ANCEPS. Schii\ Female spikes cylrndric, remote, lax- flowered; leaves broad, striate, glaucous. 



Synon. C. plantaginea. Muhl. IVilld? Mx. Ph^ Ell- 



Fl. Last of April. Fr- mat. Beginning of July. 



Jlab- Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: female spikes 2 to4. 



06s. The broad radical leaves continue green through the winter; and Dr. Muhlenberg says the youn- 

 ger ones afford good food for cattle,— which is not usually ihe case with this genus. 



C. scABRATA. Schio. Female spikes cylindric, lower one on a long peduncle; fruit ovate, scabrous. 



Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Last of August. 



Hab. Wet places: Ed. Darlington's meadow: not common. 1 to 2 feet high: female spikes 3 to 5. 



Obs. The leaves, and indeed the whole plant, remarkably scabrous. Mr. Schweinitz observed that this 

 was "a very rare species" to him. 



C. CONOIDEA. Schw. Female spikes sLender, loose-flowered; lower peduncle long; fruit oblong-conic 

 Fl. Latter end of April. Fr. mat. Latter end of June. 



Hab. Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 6 to 12 inches high: female spikes mostly 2. 



C. LAxiFLORA. Schw- Female spikes oblong, the lowcst remote; fruit ovate-oblong, ventricose, obtuse. 



Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. 



Hab. Low grounds: Patton's; Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: female spikes 3 or4. 



C FLEXtJosA. Schic. Female spikes filiform, distant, pendulous; fruit alternate, oblong, beaked. 



Synon. C. debilis. Mr. 



Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of August. 



Hab. Woodlands: Patton's, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches high, slender: female spikes about 4. 



ttt Female spikes on long peduncles, nearly naked. 



P,. MiLiACEA. Schiv. Female spikes filiform, upper peduncle short; fruit ovate, triquetj-ous. 



Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. 



Hab. Low grounds: Patton's, Sec frequent. 1 to 2 feet high, slender; female spikes about a. 



b. Male spikes several. Stigmas 2. 



C. cRimTA. Schw. Female spikes cylindric, long, pendulous; calyx linear, long, margins hispid. 

 Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. 



Jlab. Wet places: Bath, &c. common. 2 to 3 feet high: female spikes2 to 4; male about 3. 

 Obs. The terminal spikes of this species are often androgynous. 



C. ^CUTV. Schw. Female spikes cylindric, subnutant, subpedunculate, remote; fruit oblong, beak short 

 Fl. Latter end of April. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. 



Hab. Swamps: frequent. U to 2 fee* high: female spikes2, or 3; male 1 to 3. 



Ob^ Thi« and some of the other species grow in large turfy bunches ''\«"'«mP^ -^o''")'"? ^„^?* ^""^ ^f " 

 mers call r,mo<-'«. In reclaiming those swamps, it has been found that the best mode of disposing of th« 

 roots of he Carices, is to cut them'^ut. and. when dry, put them n heaps, and burn them. The burnt earth 

 and ashes of the roots, are nearlv as valuable as an equal bulk of barnyard manure. .,,„.„:„<, „, - 



' We have doubtless several oth.r species of this numerous ^"'l^difhcult family ; but ♦h«£^^^°'"gj^7 

 all that I have vet collected, in this vicinity. They arc all sanctioned by the hisU authority oi jyir. 

 Schweinitz, and" Dr. Torrey. 



