MONOECIA. POLYANDRIA. 103 



E- DEPRESS A. Ell- Stem prostrate, brandling, hairy; leaves oval, serrulate, base uuequal- 



Synon. E. Ihymifolia? Ph. E- maculata. FL Phil. Fu/go- Spotted Spurge. 



Fl. Middle of July till September. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. 



Hab. Indian Corn-fields; pastures, &c. frequent. G to 12 inches long: flowers white, minute. 



E. coROLLATA. Ell. Erect; leaves alternate, oblong, obtuse; umbel 5 cleft, 3 cleft, and dichotomous. 



Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Middle of October. 



Ilab. Fence-rows, &c. frequent. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers white, conspicuous- 



Obs. In addition to the foregoing, I have some specimens which I cellected in the beginning of July, 

 1819 along a shaded rivulet, on the barrens, N W. of S. Stringfellow's; and which, m the opmion of 

 Dr. Torrey, come nearer to the E. sijlvatiaa, of Europe, than to any other. It is possible they may have 

 strayed from a garden,— although found in a very retired spot I have only met rt'ith the plant in that 

 place. It is from 2 to 3 feet high, nearly glabrous, leaves scattered, oblong, or oblanceolate, entire, about 

 1 inch Wide, and 4 inches iu length— the involucels diphyllous, subcordate, large. 



330. ARUM. Nutt. Gen. 7G2. 

 [An ancient name; of obscure etymology.] 



Spai/je cucullate. S^Jat^i'x naked at summit. Male, above. S'fajn. naked, crowded. 



Fem. below, on the same spadix. Cat. 0. Cor. 0. Berry 1 or many seeded. 



A. DRACONTiuM. Ell SteiTiIcss; leaves pedate; spadix subulate, longer than the spathe. 



Valgo— Green Dragon. Dragon-root. 



Fl. Latter end of May- Fr. mat. Middle of September. 



Hab. Rich, moist woodlands: Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high. 



A. TRiPHYLTXTM. Ell- Often dioicous; sub-caulescent; leaves ternate; spadix clavate. 



Fu/g-o— Indian Turnip. Wake-robin. 



Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Last of August. 



Hab. Rich, shaded grounds: fence-rows, &c. common. 1 to 2 feet high. 



Obs. The tuberous root, which is considerably acrid, is a popular remedy in coughs,, and pulmonary 

 complaints. It is prepared by boiling it in milk. A species of Sago has been obtained from it, as we leain 

 from Barton's Journal, Vol. 2. part 1. p. 84. 



331. QUERCUS. Nutt. Gen. 751. 

 [Etymology obscure; De T/jeis says, from the Celtic, Qtter, handsome, and Cuci, tree.] 



Male, Ament naked, linear. Cal. slightly 5 cleft. Cor. 0. Stamens 4 to 10. 

 Fem. Cal. 1 leaved, entire, scabrous. Cor. 0. Nut. coriaceous, seated in the calyx. 



a. Leaves lobed. t Lobes setaceously mucronate. 

 O TiNCTORiA Mx ^r&. Leaves obovate, pubescent beneath; cup scutellate; nut depressed-globose. 

 Svuon.Cl.m%r^. Marsh. F,//^o-Black Oak. Dyer's Oak. Quercitron. 



Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. 



Hab. Rich, upland woods: very common. 60 to 90 feet high. 



Obs. Though the ivood of tliis is not so durable as some other species, if is a very valuable tree. Besides 

 rails fuel &c it is much used for making shingles. The bark\'i used in tanning; and forms an article of 

 extensive'commerce, for the purpose of dying yellow, under the name of quercitron. It is sometimes em- 

 ployed for medical purposes, as an astringent, and tonic. 



Q RUBRA Mx. Arb. Leaves obtusely sinuate, lobes often uilid, cup soutellate; nut subovate. 

 Synon. Q. rubra montana. Marsh. Tu/go-Upland Red Oak. Spanish Oak. 



Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. 



Hab. Hilly woodlands: frequent. 50 to 70 feet high. 



Oh, The bark of this species is much e.steemed for tanning. The U'ood is not very valuable.-being fr^.. 

 qu?ntly unsound at heart.^l is distinct from the true Spanish Oak; but is generally known here by that 

 name. 



O PALUSTRT" Mr. Arb. Leavesdeeply sinuate, glabrous; cup scutellate; nut subglobose, 

 Synon. Q. rubra ramosissima- Marsh. Ku/ffo-Pin Oak. Water Oak. 



Fl. Middle of May. F'- '"«'• ^f ^^ <^^ O'""'^" 



Hab. Wet, low grounds: along rivulets: frequent. 40 to 60 feet high. 



Obs. Th« wood of this i.9 very firm; and is much used by mechanics. 



