114 . APPENDIX. 



P. pRATE?;sE. Muhl. Culm terete, erect; spike cylindric, very long; calyx dorsally ciliate. 

 Fu/g-o— Timothy, Timothy Grass. Cat's-tail Grass. 



Fl- Latter end of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. 



Ilab. Fields J and me»dow». Perennial. 2 to 4 feet high. iVat. Europe. 



Obs. This valuable grass has become extensively naturalized; but it is also a primary object of culture; 

 with our best farmers. Mixed with red clover, (Trifolium pratense,) it constitutes, perhaps, the most sub- 

 stantial hay we have. It is considered severe and exhausting to the soil, where it predominates. Th« 

 seed is usually sown in autumn, among, and immediately after, wheat and rye — though it answers very well 

 when sown in the spring. 



3. HORDEUM. Gen. PI. 129. 

 [An ancient Latin name, of obscure derivation.] 



Cal. lateral, 2 valved; florets in 3's, the lateral ones often sterile. Cor. 2 valved, outer one awned. 



H. VULGAHE. IVUld. Florets all perfect? awned, arranged in double rows, erect. 

 Fjf/go— Common Barley. Four-rowed Barley. 



Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Last of June. 



H:tb. Fields. Annual. 2 to 3 feet high. Nat. Sicily. 



05s. This is extensively cultivated in this vicinii}', and almost exclusively for the purpose of maki.r;s 

 Beer;— being rarely used for bread, or even fed to stock. The seed is sown tbe latter end of March. 



There is a variett/ of this, (H. caleste,) called Naked Barley, which has been occasionally tried, by some 

 of our larmers; but it does not succeed well, in this region. 



H. DisTiCHON. Willd- Lateral florets imperfect, awnless; seeds angular, imbricate ; 

 F;(.'g-o— Two-rowed Barley. 



Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. 



Eah. P'ields. Annual. 2 to 3 feet higli. Nat. Tartary. 



Ohs. It is doubted by some whether this is more than a varietv of the preceding:. It is pretty extensive- 

 ly cuhivated of late, on accotmt of its standing better than the otlier, and being later in ripening. The grain, 

 also, is heavier, and commands a better price. It is preferred for hulling, and making Pearl Barley. Seed 

 sown the latter end of March, or beginning of April. 



h. Calyx,2or SJloivertd. Flowers in Spikes. 



4. SECALE. Gen. PI. 127. 



(Etymology obscure: Boerh. says " a secare, quia seminibus maturis hsec planta secatur."] 



Cal. 2 valved; valves opposite, linear, small. Cor. 2 valved, outer one ending in a long awn« 



S. CEREALE- TVilld. Glumes scabrous-ciliate; awns retrorsely scabrous. 



Vulgo-Hje. 



Fl Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. 



ifa&. Fields. Annual. 4 to 6 feet high. iVaf. Crete. 



Obs. Cultivated to a considerable extent; but not so much as Wheat, in this vicinity — being: far inferior 

 for bread. Large quantities of the grain are used in distillation,— and where the process is conducted with 

 intpgrity, and competent skill, a spirit of good quality may be obtained: But, unfortunately, the country is 

 inundated with a vile, fetid liquor, under the name of Whiskey, procured from a mixture of Rye and Indian 

 Corn, or Buckwheat, and these frequently in a damaged state; — which poisonous liquor, by reason of its 

 cheapness, and intoxicating character, has become the cause of more evil to the community than any other 

 agent. The seed of Rye is sown in all the month of October. 



5. TRITICUM. Gen. PI. 130. 

 [liat- Tritum^ rubbed, or ground; its grain being so prepared, for food.] 

 Cal. 2 valved, about 3 flowered. Cor. outer valve obtuse, with a point; inner flat. 



T. HYBERNUM. IVllld. Calyx-glumes 4 flowered, ventricose, smooth, imbricate, submutic. 



Kit/g-o— Wheat. Winter Wheat. 



Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Middle of July. 



Hub Fields. Annual. 2 to 4, or 5 feet high. A'afire country uncertain. 



Obs. Several varietie.^ of this most valuable plant are cultivated here, both awned, and awnless. The 

 »/i,';j7f. awnless variety, is preferred by some, as making superior flour, and resisting the ravages of the Hes- 

 tian Fbj most effectually: ndiilst others ^ive the preference to an awned variety, called Red-chaff Beard- 

 ed wheat. The seed is sown from the latter end of SeiJtember till the middle of October, Late sowing 

 has been found to obviate, in .some degree, the depredations of the Fly. 



T- fZiivMm, Summer Wheat, or Spring Wheat, is rarely cultivated here. 



