1906] LECTURE. 31 



same proportion, i pound to 50 gallons of water. This spray- 

 ing is just as effective as more arsenate of lead. It is also 

 desirable to use Bordeaux mixture because of its protection 

 against fungus attacks. The formula for this is 4 pounds sul- 

 phate of copper dissolved in 25 gallons of water, 4 pounds of 

 good stone lime slaked and put into 25 gallons of water. Then 

 put the two mixtures together. Some dissolve the sulphate of 

 copper and the lime each in a small quantity of water, then 

 mix them and add a large quantity of water. This does not 

 make Bordeaux mixture and is not worth much. Dissolve 

 them as I have given them to you, then add li pounds of ar- 

 senate of lead and you have the right material for doing early 

 spraying. 



The value of spraying young fruit is this : the young fruit 

 at this time points upward and there is a slight opening, hence 

 the spraying should be done immediately after the blossoms 

 drop while the petals are still open. This seems like a provi- 

 sion of the Creator. As the young larvae crawl in they are 

 destroyed at once. 



There should be a second spraying as fruits do not all come 

 along at the same time. Some come a little later and a second 

 spraying is needed for these in 12 or 14 days which will destroy 

 all eggs that are hatching at the second period. Two good 

 sprayings are usually sufficient and should give us anywhere 

 from 85 to 90 per cent, of good apples. This last year there 

 was a later brood of coddling moths which did immense dam- 

 age. If I had sprayed the third time it would have added, at 

 least, $1,000 dollars to the value of my apple crop. We had 

 to keep casting out boxes of apples because of the marks of the 

 coddling moth. Spraying the third time would not have cost 

 me more than $100, a large increase in the value of the crop for 

 the expenditure of time and money. We need to under- 

 stand the habits of this insect thoroughly before we can master 

 them and when we do we can control them. 



One class of insects that increase very rapidly is the plum 

 curculio. It attacks not only plums but apples and is very 

 hard upon cherries. It is also of late years attacking peaches 



