1906J LECTURE. 33 



have to be destroyed by a different material. They do not eat; 

 they suck their substance from the trees, hence they need to be 

 covered with an oily spray such as whale oil, kerosene emulsion, 

 etc. They breathe through their bodies, through openings in 

 their backs and any substance which you can throw over them 

 and close up those holes will smother them. Hence, oily sub- 

 stances that will spread right over the body are the best. Just 

 as soon as these insects appear they should be sprayed. They 

 are wonderfully prolific and they have many generations. One 

 pair of San Jose scale will be the progenitors of over three 

 billions during the season. 



Ninety per cent, of all the fruit trees on Long Island are 

 completely covered by the San Jose scale and all through the 

 Southern states the San Jose scale has done immense damage. 

 It is now spreading into New England and if no treatment is 

 given the scale, the apple orchards in New York, New Jersey 

 and other states will be practically extinct. It is very minute 

 and is not discovered until the effect is seen. When trees be- 

 gm to decline people wonder what can be the matter. Its in- 

 crease is something wonderful. An orchard of 27,000 peach 

 trees was totally destroyed by San Jose scale. This scale is 

 one of the most formidable things that we have to deal with to- 

 day. There should be some one in every community whose 

 business it is to go through the community and discover these 

 pests. 



I have here some samples of wood from Groton and the 

 gentleman asks, "What can be the trouble?" I find that it is 

 infested with the oyster shell scale. This scale does not spread 

 as rapidly as does the San Jose scale. The rose scale is very 

 troublesome to the rose -and the San Jose scale also attacks 

 roses. 



We have to-day various things with which we have tried to 

 exterminate the San Jose scale. Have recently used a solution 

 known as salt, suphur and lime. This is very difficult to make 

 and apply, but if properly made it is effective. If not properly 

 made it is not effective. 



Boil together 30 pounds of flowers of sulphur, 15 pounds of 

 3 



