70 GENERAL TKINCIPLES. 



season, and vhen another season's growth is added they 

 are as strong as can be desired. We succeed in rooting 

 these shoots the first season of their growth by earthing 

 them up abont midsummer ; but they are not quite strong 

 enough, or sufficiently rooted, for transplanting and bud- 

 ding the following season. 



Section 3. — Propagation by Suckers. 



Suckers are shoots sent up from the roots. "We ob- 

 serve them most frequently around trees that have had 

 their roots wounded by the spade or plough. The wounds 

 induce the formation of buds, and these buds send up 

 shoots. They are occasionally used from necessity for 

 stocks, but should not be employed where seedlings can 

 be obtained. Occasionally we find certain varieties of 

 j)lum throw up fine vigorous suckers, that would make 

 excellent stocks if taken off with good roots ; but their 

 tendency to produce suckers renders them exceedingly 

 annoying in gardens, and on this accomit objectionable. 

 The roots of the raspberry are full of buds, and, con- 

 sequently, throw up great quantities of suckers ; and the 

 smallest cuttings of the roots will grow. Suckers of any 

 plants that can easily be propagated by cuttings or layers, 

 should never be used. 



Section 4. — Propagation by Budding. 



Tliis operation is performed during the growing season, 

 and usually on young trees from one to five years old, 

 with a smooth soft bark. It consists in separating a bud 

 with a portion of bark attached, from a shoot of the cur- 

 rent season's growth of one tree, and inserting it below 

 the bark of another. When this bud begins to grow, all 

 that part of the stock above it is cut away, the bud grows 

 on, and eventually forms a tree of the same variety as 



