PEUNrao. 89 



lower side of the branch to prevent rain from lodging in 

 the centre. The position of the Inid cut to, is also worthy 

 of consideration in pruning, to produce or modify certain 



Figs. 79 to S2, pruning. 



Fig. 79, cutting too far above the bud. Fig. SO, cutting too close. Fig. 81, 

 the cut as it should be. Fig. 8i. removal of a branch,, the cross line indicat- 

 ing the proper place for the cut. 



forms. When we wish the new shoot of a lateral branch 

 to take, as mncli as possible, an uprigld direction, w^e 

 prune to a bud on the inside / and if we wish it to sjpread^ 

 we choose one on the outside. In the annual suppression, 

 or cutting back young trees, to form a stem or side 

 branches, the bud selected to fonn the leader is chosen on 

 opposite sides every successive yea/r., in order to maintain 

 the growth in a straight line. If cut every year to a bud 

 on the same side, it would, in two or three seasons, show 

 an inclination to that side injurious to the symmetry of 

 the tree. 



The Removal of Large Brandies., where they are to be 

 entirely separated from the tree, is often very clumsily 

 performed. In orchards, it is not at all uncommon to see 

 them chopped off with a common axe ; and even in gar- 

 dens there seem to be few jjersons who either know how, 

 or take the proper care in this matter. They are eitlier 

 cut so that a portion of the base of the branch remains, 

 and sends out vigorous shoots, defeating the objects of tho 



