^62 PEUNING. 



visited, shoots tied in, strong ones cliecked, superfluous 

 ones rubbed ofi', and every part kept in its proper place, 

 and in a proper degree of vigor. In certain cases, where 

 the mode of training above described cannot be conveni- 

 ently adopted, two or three poles, twelve to fifteen feet 

 high, may be sunk in the ground, with a space of tiiree or 

 four feet between them at the bottom, and fastened toge- 

 ther at the top, forming a cone, around which the perma- 

 nent canes nuiy be trained in a spiral manner. 



This produces a very beautiful effect, and occupies com- 

 paratively little space, but the grapes will not all ripen so 

 well, nor will the training be so easy as on the flat surface 

 of a trellis. 



Yery tasteful arbors may also be made over some of the 

 w^alks, by training the vine over the woodwork, in the 

 same numner as on a trellis. 



This is a very common practice and oflers many advan- 

 tages. Ingenious persons who care well for their garden, 

 as well in its appearance as its productiojis, will conceive 

 other plans still better adapted to tlieir pai'ticular wants 

 and taste than any of these; but the main point must 

 always be kept in view, that is, to provide for the foliage 

 and the fruit, a free open exposure to the sun. Any sys- 

 tem that does not secure this, will fail to a greater or less 

 extent. 



The Isabella grape succeeds well even as far north as 

 Maine, by laying it down in winter and covering it with 

 mats, straw", boughs of evergreens, c*ec. 



Vineyard culture. — Vineyards are located on dry sunny 

 hill sides ; the land is deeply trenched with the spade oi 

 subsoil plough ('generally the former, as it is more tho- 

 rough), and liberally manured. The vines are planted in 

 rows, six to eight feet apart, and four to six feet apart in 

 the rows, and are trained to oak or cedar posts, six to eight 

 feet high - The young vines are cut back close for the 



