MACHDfES FOK WATKBING. 387 



which the fruit may be taken from the tree by a person 

 standing on the ground. None of them are applicable to 

 the gathering of fruits that are to be kept long, because 

 it is impossible to avoid bruising them more or less, and 

 besides this they operate slowly. They answer very well 

 for gathering a few ripe specimens for immediate consump- 

 tion. The ladder^ Jiook^ and Tiand^ are the only safe and 

 exjjeditious fruit gatherers. Some are made in the form 

 of a vase of wood or tin placed on the end of a pole. The 

 edge of the vase is toothed, and when the stem of the 

 fruit is taken between two of the teeth, and slightly 

 twisted, it drops. Others are composed of a pair of 

 shears on the end of a pole, to which a basket is attached 

 that slides up and down the handle. 



The Grape Gatherer resembles a pair of shears com- 

 bining the property of pincers. They cut a bunch of 

 grapes, and hold it firmly until it is brought down. 

 These are very useful for gathering a few bimches of 

 grapes from the top of a house or trellis (fig. 154). 



Fig. 154. 

 Grape Gatherer. 



Section 4. — Machines for "Wateeing. 



The Hand Syringe (fig. 155).— This is a very useful 

 implement for sprinkling and washing the foliage of trees 

 in dry weather. There are various kinds made of tin, 

 copper, and brass, and sold at various prices. Whatever 

 sort is used should have several caps {A) to regulate the 



