MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION. 251 



and when harvesting the crop, and if the pest is found, begin spray- 

 ing the next season. Do not bring to your orchards second-hand 

 boxes from fruit dealers in town ; it is against the laws of the state 

 and you are liable to prosecution. Such a practice will almost sure- 

 ly result in the establishment of the pest in your orchard. 



6, The Web-worm. 



Colonies of hairy caterpillars living in tents on fruit and shade 

 trees in the latter part of the summer and early fall. Affected limbs 

 are enclosed in nets and the leaves are brown. .■ f 



Remedy. — Remove the caterpillars by hand. --, .- v 



7, The Flat-Headed Apple-tree Borer. 



Fairly common on apple trees in western Montana. Prefera- 

 bly attacks diseased or weakened trees and feeds in the larval stage 

 in the trunk and larger branches, excavating irregular cavities 

 under the bark and later boring into the deeper parts of the tree. It 

 may often be detected by sunken or discolored patches in the bark. 



Remedy. — Not an easy insect to combat. Practice clean culture. 

 Dig up and bum worthless trees that are infested. In some cases it 

 is advisable to locate the burrow of the borer and dig out the grub 

 by means of a sharp knife or wire or other suitable instruments, 

 taking care not to injure the tree more than necessary. Use deter- 

 rent washes. 



8, The Round Headed Apple-tree Borer. 



Large, legless borers in the trunks of apple trees near the 

 ground. The anterior end of th body is of about the same diameter 

 as the posterior part. 



Remedy. — Treat as for flat-headed borer. 



9, Apple Twig-borer. 



Small, cylindrical, mahogany-colored beetles about one-third of 

 an inch long, boring holes in twigs of apple, pear, cherry and other 

 trees and in grape vines. ^ 



Remedy. — Prune ofif and burn infested stems. 



10, Leaf-hoppers. 



Small soft-bodied insects with sucking mouth parts, on the 

 under side of the foliage of apple and other fruits. Another species 

 is known on pear, still another on rose. 



