260 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



may be as large as a dime, but are usually smaller. On the leaves 

 the fungus appears as dark olive green spots which do not have a 

 distinct border line and occur mostly on the upper side fo the leaf. 

 Remedy. — Spray with Bordeaux mixture three times and ammon- 

 iacal copper carbonate (cupram) twice. First spraying of Bordeaux 

 should be applied just before the blossom open, the second just after 

 the petals fall, the third about ten or twelve days later. The two 

 sprayings of cupram should follow the Bordeaux at intervals of two 

 weeks. Bordeaux is not used in the last two sprayings since it 

 causes the fruit to russet. 



4, Pear Scab. 



So similar to apple scab that no separate account is necessary. 

 Remedy. — Treat as for apple scab. 



5, Pear Blight or Fire Blight. 



Attacking individual limbs of pear, and occasionally apple and 

 quince also. Rapidly spreading until the whole tree may be in- 

 volved. The foliage turns suddenly brown as if by fire and an ex- 

 amination under the bark shows a fermented condition. This dis- 

 ease is believed to be distributed by insects that visit the flowers, 

 as well as by other means. 



Remedy. — Cut out the disease as soon as it appears and prune 

 again whenever necessary. Always cutting below the point where 

 the disease is reached. It is usually best to cut at least a foot below 

 the point where the disease appears to end. 



6. Gooseberry Mildew. 



This troublesome disease usually appears in the spring upon 

 the developing buds and leaves, first showing as a sparse cob-webby 

 coating, which later develops into a denser white, powdery coating. 

 The 3^oung berries are also attacked. A serious disease which very 

 much interferes with the growing of choice foreign varieties. 



Remedy. — Spray with potassium sulphite at the rate of one- 

 half ounce to one gallon of water, making the first application as 

 soon as the leaves begin to unfold, repeating the operation at enter- 

 vals of one to three weeks. The ammoniacal solution of copper car- 

 bonate would probably be equally effective. 



