1 the response, remedial action, or natural resources restoration at the 



2 property through any of the following: 



3 a. Any direct or indirect familial relationship. 



4 b. Any contractual, corporate, or financial relations, other than a 



5 contractual, corporate, or financial relationship that is created 



6 by an instrument through which title to the property is 

 1 conveyed, an instrument through which sale or purchase of the 



8 property is financed, or by a contract for the sale of goods or 



9 services. 



10 c, A reorganization in bankruptcy of a business entity that is liable 



11 or potentially liable. 



12 (a2) A bona fide purchaser of any real property comprising an inactive hazardous 



13 substance or waste disposal site with knowledge or with a reasonable basis for knowing 



14 that a hazardous substance or waste discharge, release, deposit, or disposal had occurred 



15 shall not be considered a responsible party if the purchaser establishes all of the 



16 following to the satisfaction of the Secretary: 



17 (JQ All of the discharge, release, deposit, or disposal of hazardous 



18 substances or waste at the site occurred before the purchaser acquired 



19 the site: or the disposal was solely the resuh of: 



20 a. An act of God: or 



21 b. An act of war: or 



22 c. An intentional act or omission of a third party who is not an 



23 employee or agent of the purchaser or who does not have a 



24 contractual relationship with the purchaser. 



25 {2} On or before the date of purchase, the purchaser made all appropriate 



26 inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the property in 



27 accordance with generally accepted and customary commercial 



28 standards and practices. The Secretary shall take into account any 



29 specialized knowledge or experience on the part of the purchaser, the 



30 relationship of the purchase price to the value of the property if the 



31 property were not contaminated, commonly known or reasonably 



32 ascertainable information about the property, and whether the 



33 contamination is detectable by appropriate inspection. In the case of 



34 property that is used for residential or similar purposes at the time of 



35 its purchase by an entity that is neither governmental nor commercial. 



36 a site inspection and title search that does not reveal information that 



37 would cause a reasonable person to make further investigation shall 



38 satisfy the requirements of this subdivision. 



39 (3} The purchaser has provided all legally required notices with respect to 



40 the discovery of a discharge, release, deposit, or disposal of any 



41 hazardous substance or waste at the property. 



42 {4} The purchaser has exercised appropriate care with respect to hazardous 



43 substances found at the property by taking reasonable steps to do all of 



44 the following: 



42 



