162 THE EQUINE HOSPITAL FORMULARY. 



alkalies are converted into carbonates in the body. The 

 specific gravity varies from 1015 to 1035. In cases of 

 diabetes insipidus, it may be only 1002. If it be below 

 1015, albumen is probably present, and if it be above 

 1035, sugar should always be suspected. The specific 

 gravity is high in the first stage of acute fevers. The 

 amount of urine is increased in cases of diabetes and in 

 convulsive conditions, and when the blood -pressure is 

 high, also in cases of cardiac hypertrophy. It is generally 

 diminished in dropsical patients. 



Urine, Incontinence of. 



Catheterization may be useful so as to empty the bladder. 

 When this disorder is due to paralysis, nux vomica and 

 tonics may be tried. 



Urticaria. — See Surfeit. 



Vaginitis. 



Emollient and antiseptic lotions, such as that of boric 

 acid and Condy's fluid, are useful. 



Variola Equina. 



Salines and febrifuges may be given, and the food should 

 be laxative. If the mouth be sore, wash it out with an 

 aqueous solution of carbolic acid (1 in 150) or with a weak 

 solution of sulphurous acid, or of permanganate of 

 potassium. In order to prevent the spread of the disease, 

 thorough disinfection of the stables and other out- buildings 

 should be carried out by means of the fumes from burning 

 sulphur or iodine or by chlorine gas. 



Verminous Aneurism. 



Occurs in many horses and asses, especially in the aorta 

 and anterior mesenteric artery. These aneurisms vary in 



