TEIE IMPROVED ART OF FARRIERY. 217 



occasionally showing or cracking the whip but never 

 attempting to use it. 



The colt, after walking quietly and steady, may next 

 be tried in the ring, and walked round, right and left, 

 in a moderate sized circle : never allow him to break 

 into a trot till he has first acquired a steady and cer- 

 tain pace in walking. All lessons at first must be 

 short, and each pace kept distinct from another ; good 

 temper, docility, and improvement, being always re- 

 Warded with caresses and a few handsfnl of corn. The 

 length of the rein must be increased by degrees, and 

 the pace gradually quickened. 



The trot is next to be attempted, when something 

 may be loosely attached to the clothing or trappings, 

 this will accustom the colt to the flaps of the saddle 

 and the skirts of the rider's coat. 



Most horsemen speak very highly of the lessons in a 

 circle, among whom, that noted sportsman, the Duke 

 of Newcastle, remarks in his treatise on horsemanship, 

 that it is the best method of giving ease and pliancy to 

 the shoulders ; and this is, without doubt, an opinion 

 well founded. 



When in the circle, his inside and outside legs move 

 in two different circles of different diameters ; that on 

 the outer side being the largest : it consequently fol- 

 lows that the outside legs pass over more ground than 

 the inner ones ; hence, also, a greater extension of the 

 shoulder and fore-leg is required. In this lounge, the 

 horse inclines his body inwards towards the centre of 

 the circle ; and in small circles this inclination is to an 

 extent that would cause the animal to fall on his side 

 if he were to move in a straight line. 



The motion of the inner legs are accordingly short- 

 ened, and come to the ground sooner than the outer 

 legs ; thus the joints acquire a greater pliancy in the 



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