542 THE IMPROVED ART OF FARRIERY. 



raking, and becomes the more necessary, as it fre- 

 quently happens that great quantities of hardened duns: 

 are collected in the rectum, and which, in some cases, 

 the horse cannot void easily without assistance of this 

 kind. The composition of clysters should be extremely 

 simple. On that account they will be easily prepared, 

 and as easily administered, if the operator is provided 

 with a suitable instrument for the purpose. The ge- 

 nerality of clyster-pipes that are commonly used, are 

 by far too short and too small. 



Although it may appear a paradox, yet it is a fact, 

 that a clyster-pipe of a larger size than the ordinary 

 ones, and of a proper thickness, is much easier in- 

 troduced into the anus than one that is considerably 

 smaller. It is likewise obvious, that when the pipe is 

 too short, it renders clysters of no use, because it can- 

 not convey them so far into the intestines as is neces- 

 sary to give them any chance of being retained ; a 

 small short pipe of six or eight inches long, is not 

 capable of conveying the injection to the end of the 

 rectum, which in a horse of middle size, is about 

 seventeen or eighteen inches long. 



In giving injections with these short pipes, the clys- 

 ter is apt to flow out at the anus in proportion to the 

 force with which it is injected from the bag, or syringe, 

 and this must always be the case, especially if the 

 horse's bladder should happen at the same time to be 

 full of urine, which frequently occurs from its being 

 retained there by the hardened dung in the rectum, 

 which presses against the neck of the bladder, and thus 

 prevents the horse from staling. 



It happens, further, that after the hardened dung 

 is taken out of the rectum by the operation above- 

 mentioned, the bladder, being distended, and full 

 of urine, cannot exert its contracting power imme- 



