THE IMPROVED ART OF FARRIERY. 543 



diately so as to expel its contents. It therefore 

 presses up the empty rectum and forms, as it were, a 

 kind of tumour in it ; and if the pipe is too short, it 

 cannot reach beyond this rising in the rectum, which 

 forms, as it were, a declivity back towards the anus ; 

 and hence the liquor flows back as soon as it is dis- 

 charged from the pipe, instead of passing forward. 



The smallness of the bag, or bladder, containing the 

 clyster, which is generally proportioned to that of the 

 pipe, is another very material objection to this small 

 apparatus, as it seldom contains one quart of liquid, 

 from which circumstance very little benefit can be de- 

 rived from the use of clysters in such large intestines 

 as those of a horse. 



Bracken, in his first volume, has this very judi- 

 cious remark on the use of clysters. He observes that 

 the colon of a horse seems to be three guts, by rea- 

 son of the two necks of about half a yard each drawn 

 up into many cells, or purses, by means of two liga- 

 ments ; one of which runs along the upper, and the 

 other the under side of it ; which, with the assistance 

 of a valve or flap at its beginning, hinder the excre- 

 ments either from returning back into the small guts, 

 or falling too soon downward, before the chyle pre- 

 pared from the food be taken into its proper vessels. 

 And, indeed, the caecum or blind gut, which is the first 

 of three larger guts, seems to be so contrived, in the 

 manner of a valve, to hinder the aliment and chyle 

 from passing too soon into the colon ; for if the ali- 

 ment and chyle were not somewhat hindered in their 

 passage through these large guts, the body could not 

 be sufficiently supplied with nourishment. 



The first of these colons is about a yard and a half 

 long ; the second about a yard ; and the third, or that 

 part which joins the rectum, near six yards in length, 



