rit 



348 LINN^US AND THE JUSSIEUS 



bestowed little attention upon the parts which occu] 

 the centre of a flower, rarely distinguishing the stamens 

 from the styles, but grouping all as capillamenta or^ 

 flocci. Pliny, as we have seen, distinguishes in oi 

 place the pilum (some read jilum) from the stamenj 

 He also uses the word apex (hat, cap, diadem) for tl 

 anther. Fuchs (1542) adopts Pliny's name of apia 

 but calls both the anther-bearing filament and the sty] 

 stamens, according to ancient usage. Ray (1660) giv( 

 anthers as another name for apices. The seventeent| 

 century name for stamens (attire) which is used b] 

 Grew, &c. has not lasted. Linnseus (1736) \iq,& filament^ 

 and anther. Pollen is perhaps first mentioned bj 

 Valerius Cordus^ as a yellow dust with which th| 

 anthers are besprinkled ; the dust of lily-anthers h " 

 calls a fine powder of rusty colour (rubiginosus pulvius- 

 cuius). Pollen is used by Pliny and other ancients as 

 name for fine meal. 



Pistil, carpel, ovary, style and stigma. Bock (155! 

 studied the large flower of the lily, and described i1 

 parts. In the bilberry he names the pistil from its 

 resemblance to an apothecary's pestle, perhaps taking 

 the hint from Pliny (see above). ^ Jung and many oflj 

 his successors call the divisions of a pistil either pistils 

 or styles', carpelles had come into use by 1819, th< 

 date of De Candolle's Theorie Elementaire, ed. 

 Linnaeus adopted or introduced the physiological divisioi 

 of the pistil into ovary or germen, style and stigma. 



Superior and inferior ovaries were distinguished b] 

 Theophrastus, though of course he did not use thes^ 

 words ; moncecious and dicecious were proposed b 



1 



^In Gesner's volume of botanical treatises, 1561. 



2 In his Neiv Kreutterhuch (1546) Bock calls the pistil schwengelin (clapper), 

 or zdpfchen (pin or peg). 



