EARLY STUDIES OF THE FLOWER 349 



Linnaeus; hypogynous, jperigynous and epigynous by 

 A. L. de Jussieu (1789), though he was by no means 

 the first to note the differences of structure which they 

 denote. Pontedera (1720) uses monopetalous, poly- 

 petalous and the like ; whether he invented or adopt-ed 

 them he does not say. 



HISTORICAL TABLE OF BOTANICAL TERMS (FLOWER). 



Calyx. Greek and Roman writers ; the term is not defined, 



nor used with precision. 



Corolla. Linnaeus, Fundamenta Botanka^ p. 12 (1736). 



Pistil. Bock, Stirpium . . . libri tres^ p. 974 (1552). Compare 



New Kreutterhuch, III, xiv (1546). Pliny's pilum 

 may have suggested the word pistUlum to Bock. 



Sepal. Necker, Element BoL, Caroll. p. 18 (1790) and 



Phytologie Fhilosophique (1790). 



Petal. Fabius Columna, Fhytobasanos, p. 1, 1592, and later 



works by the same author. 



Stamen. Pliny. 



Style. Spigel, Isagoge, pp. 14, 15. 



Filament. Linnaeus, Fundamenta Botanica (1736). Jung (1679) 

 uses pediculus, and is followed by Ray. 



Anther. Called apex in Pliny, Fuchs, &c. Ray {Cat. Flant. 

 Camb.j p. 56) uses anther a after Jung, whose Fhyto- 

 scopia had been communicated to him in MS. by 

 Samuel Hartlib. Capitulum is another name for 

 anther, used by Jung, and after him by Ray. 



Ovary. Vaillant, Discours sur la Structure des FleurSy 1718. 



Carpel. De Candolle, A. P., ThMie EUm.y 2nd. ed., pt. Ill 

 (1819). 



The last hundred and fifty years have made a new 

 thing of the study of the flower. Kolreuter (1761-6) 

 threw a beam of steady light upon the process of fertili- 

 sation, the production of hybrids by the union of distinct 

 species, and the co-operation of insects with flowering 

 plants.! Christian Konrad Sprengel (1793) opened up 



*For Kolreuter's researches we miwt refer the reader to the prttty fnll 



summary given in Sachs' Hiatory of Botany, Bk. Ill, ch. \. 



