530 Eihvard Livingston Youmans. 



inductively as universal, is further shown to be universal 

 by establishing it deductively as a result of the deepest of 

 all knowable truths. 



The first edition of First Principles was published, but 

 another important step in elucidating the philosophy of 

 Evolution required to be taken. In dealing with the classi- 

 fication of the sciences, from the point of view to which 

 his philosophy has brought him, Mr. Spencer had occasion 

 to seek for that aspect of all physical phenomena which 

 forms the most general division of physical science. He 

 found that what he sought must be some general fact re- 

 specting the redistribution of matter and motion. The 

 law was soon arrived at, that integration of matter results 

 from decrease of the contained motion, while disintegra- 

 tion of matter results from increase of the contained 

 motion. It is at once manifest that the law thus reached 

 was deeper than the principle of Evolution, for it is con- 

 formed to by mineral bodies, which do not exhibit the 

 phenomena of Evolution as Mr. Spencer had interpreted 

 them. In short, it became clear that a law had been 

 reached, holding of all material things whatever, whether 

 they are those which do or those which do not increase in 

 heterogeneity. It was now first possible to judge of the 

 relative value and importance of the several factors of the 

 evolutionary process. In Von Baer's conception of organic 

 development, it is made to consist essentially and solely 

 in the change of increasing heterogeneity in the evolving 

 body. lUit Mr. Spencer had shown that evolution is a 

 double process — a tendency to unity as well as to diversity, 

 an integration as well as a differentiation. It was now 

 found that the process of integration, as it applies to all 

 things, whether evolving or not, is a deeper principle, and 

 is, in fact, the primary process in evolution, while the in- 

 crease of heterogeneity is the secondary process. At the 

 same time, this new view of the matter made it obvious 



